Chapter Summaries: Dole: Pierre's visit at his father's house. The count's three nieces receive him like "a ghost or a leper." Pierre left severely to himself. Pierre and Boris. Pierre's confusion. Anna Mikhailovna's zeal for the old Count Bezukhoi's salvation.
Maude (chapter 16): Pierre at his father's house; talks with Boris.
Briggs (chapter 13): Boris visits Pierre.
Translation:
XIII.
Pierre did not have time to choose for himself a career in Petersburg and, really, was sent out to Moscow for unruly behavior. The story which was told at Count Rostov’s was true. Pierre participated in the binding of the policeman with a bear. He had arrived a few days before and had stopped, as always, at the house of his father. Although he assumed that his story was already known in Moscow, and that the ladies surrounding his father were always unfriendly to him, taking advantage in this case, so to annoy the count, he all the same on the day of arrival went to the half of his father. Entering into the living room, the ordinary abode of the princess, he greeted the ladies, sitting behind the frame and behind a book, which they were reading out loud from. They were three. The older, neat, with a long waist, a strict girl that exited herself to Anna Mihaylovna, reading; the younger, both rosy and pretty, differing from each other only by one having a mole above the lip, extremely beautiful in her, sewed into a frame. Pierre was met as a dead man or as plagued. The older princess interrupted her reading and silently looked at him with scared eyes; the younger without the mole accepted exactly the same expression; the younger with the mole, a fun and funny character, bent over the frame, so to hide a smile caused by, probably, the scene that lied ahead and the fun which she foresaw. She pulled the wool downwards and bent over, as if sorting patterns, and barely holding from laughter.
—Hello, cousin. — said Pierre. — Do you not recognize me?151
— I too well recognize you, too well.
— How is the health of the count? Can I see him? — asked Pierre awkwardly, as always, yet not embarrassed.
— The count suffers both physically and morally, and, it seems, you have taken care so to harm him with more moral misery.
— Can I see the count? — repeated Pierre.
— Ahem!.. should you want to kill him, really kill him, you may see him. Olga, go look to see if the broth for uncle is ready, as it’s soon time, — she added, showing by this to Pierre that they were busy and busy reassuring his father, so that he, obviously, was busy only in frustrating.
Olga exited. Pierre stood, looked at the sisters and, bowing, said:
— So I will go to be by myself. When I can, you will tell me.
He left, and the resonant, yet quiet, laugh of the sister with the mole was heard behind him.
On a different day Prince Vasiliy had arrived to stay in the house of the count. He called upon Pierre and said to him:
— My dear, if you lead yourself here as in Petersburg, you will finish very badly; this is right.152 The count is very, very ill: you really do not need to see him.
From then Pierre was not disturbed, and he spent the whole day alone upstairs in his room.
At the time Boris entered to him, Pierre was going around his room, occasionally stopping in the corners and doing threatening gestures to the wall, as if piercing an invisible enemy with a sword, and strictly looking over at points and then again beginning his walk, pronouncing obscure words, shrugging his shoulders and conducting his hands.
— England is at the end,153 — he spoke, frowning and pointing at something with a finger. — Pitt, as a traitor to nations and popular law, is sentenced to...154 — he did not have time to finish the sentence of Pitt, imaging himself in that moment to be with Napoleon himself and together with his hero now having made the dangerous move across Pas de Calais (Strait of Dover) and conquered London, — as he saw entering to him a young, slim and beautiful officer. He had stopped. Pierre left Boris a fourteen-year-old boy and resolutely did not remember him; yet, despite this, with his peculiar fast and hearty manner took him behind his arm and smiled friendly.
— Do you remember me? — calmly, with a nice smile, said Boris. — I with my mother have arrived to the count, but he, it seems, is not really healthy.
— Yes, it seems, unwell. Everything disturbs him, — was the response of Pierre, trying to remember who this young person was.
Boris felt that Pierre had not recognized him, yet did not count it fit to call himself and, not testy or in the slightest embarrassment, looked at him in the eyes.
— Count Rostov has requested for you to come to his dinner, —he said after quite a long, and awkward for Pierre, silence.
— Ah! Count Rostov! — Pierre happily began talking. — So you’re his son, Ilya? I, may myself represent, at the first moment did not recognize you. Remember how we at Sparrow Hills rode with madam Jaco... 155 It’s been a long time.
— You are mistaken, — leisurely, with a bold and somewhat of a mocking smile, spoke Boris. — I am Boris, the son of Princess Anna Mihaylovna Drubetskoy. Rostov's father is called Ilya, but the son — Nikolay. And I don’t know any m-me Jacquot (madam Jaco).
Pierre waved his hands and head as if mosquitoes or bees attacked him.
— Ah, well what this is! I confused everything. In Moscow are so many relatives! You’re Boris... Yes. Well here we are agreed. Well, what do you think about the Boulogne Expedition? Because of the English’s bad work, could Napoleon cross across the canal? I think that the expedition is very possible. Villeneuve would not blunder!
Boris knew nothing about the Boulogne Expedition; he was not reading the newspaper and about Villeneuve was hearing for the first time.
— We here in Moscow are more busy with dinners and gossip than politics, — he said in his calm, mocking tone. — I know nothing about this and don’t think about it. Moscow is busy with more gossip only, — he continued. — Now they speak about you and about the count.
Pierre smiled his good smile, as if fearing for his interlocutor, as he would not have said such a thing that would become worthy of repentance. But Boris spoke clearly, clearly and dryly, looking into the eyes of Pierre.
— In Moscow there is nothing more to do but gossip, — he continued. — Everyone is busy for whom the count will leave his state, although, maybe, he will outlive all of us, which is what my soul wants...
— Yes, this is all very heavy, — picked up Pierre, — very heavy. — Pierre was afraid that this officer accidentally fumbled himself into this conversation.
— But to you it must seem, — spoke Boris, blushing a little, yet not changing voice or posture, — to you it must seem that all are busy only in getting something from the rich man.
“And so it is,” thought Pierre.
— But I was wanting to say to you, so to avoid misunderstanding, that you are very mistaken, if you respect me and my mother in the number of these people. We are very poor, yet, I at least, for myself speak: because your father is rich, I do not think of myself as his relative, and I, or my mother will never ask and will not accept it.
Pierre for a long time could not understand, but when he got it, jumped up from the couch, grabbed Boris behind the arm from below with his peculiar speed and awkwardness and, flushing much more than Boris, started to speak with a mixed feeling of shame and annoyance.
— Here this is weird! I don't... yes and who but could think... I very much know...
Yet Boris again interrupted him:
— I am glad that I’ve expressed everything. It may be unpleasant to you, I’m sorry, — he said, reassuring Pierre, instead of reassuring himself, — Yet I hope that I’ve not snubbed you. I have a rule to speak all...what again am I to deliver? You will come to the dinner at the Rostovs?
And Boris, apparently dumping from himself a heavy duty, coming out of an awkward situation and putting on another, a more completely pleasant disposition.
— No, listen, — said Pierre, calming down. — You’re an astonishing person. That, what you have now said, is very good, very good. Of course, you do not know me. We for such a long time have not seen... still children... you may assume I am... I understand you, very much understand. I would have not done this, I would have lacked the spirit, but this is perfect. I am very glad that I have met you. Weird, — he added, keeping silent and smiling, — that you supposed about me! — he bursted out laughing. — Well, yes what’s the same? We should introduce ourselves better. Please. — he shook Boris’s hand. — You know that I not once was at the count’s? He has not called me... I pity him as a human... yet what again to do?
— And you think that Napoleon will have time to ferry his army? — asked Boris, smiling.
Pierre got it that Boris wanted to change the conversation and, agreeing with him, started to set out the benefits and the disadvantages of the Boulogne enterprise.
A lackey came to call Boris to the princess. The princess was leaving. Pierre promised to come to dinner then, so to come nearer together with Boris, shook his hand hard, affectionately looking at him in the eye through glasses... by his withdrawal Pierre still went around the room, now not piercing the invisible enemy with a sword, but smiling at the recollections about this sweet, smart and solid young man.
As this being his first youth and especially in a lonely position, he felt unreasonable tenderness to this young person and promised himself it was indispensable to make friends with him.
Prince Vasiliy brought the princess. The princess held a handkerchief to her eye, and her face was in tears.
— This is terrible! Terrible! — she said, — but what would it cost me to carry out his duty. I will come spend the night. He cannot be left so. Each minute is a journey. I do not understand what makes the princesses hesitate. May God help me find his means to prepare!.. Farewell, prince, yes God will support you...156
— Farewell, my kind one,157 — was the response of Prince Vasiliy, turning around from her.
— Ah, he is in a terrible position, — said the mother to the son, when they again sat down in the carriage. — He almost recognizes nobody.
— I do not understand, Mama, what is his relationship to Pierre? — asked the son.
— Everything will be said in the will, my friend; his and our fate depends on it...
— But why do you think that he will leave something to us?
— Ah, my friend! He is so rich, but we are so poor!
— Well, this is still an insufficient cause, Mama.
— Ah, my God! My God! How bad he is! — exclaimed the mother.
151.Bonjour, ma cousine, Vous ne me reconnaissez pas? (Hello, my cousin, don't you recognize me?)
152. Mon cher, si vous vous conduisez ici, comme à Pétersbourg, vous finirez très mal; c’est tout ce que je vous dis. (My dear, if you conduct yourself, as in Petersburg, you will finish very badly; that's all I'm telling you.)
153. L’Angleterre a vécu, (England has lived,)
154. М. Pitt comme traitre à la nation et au droit des gens est condamné à…(М. Pitt as a traitor to the nation and the right of the people is condemned to...)
155. m-me Jacquot…(Madame Jacquot)
156. Adieu, mon prince, que le bon Dieu vous soutienne…(Farewell, my prince, may the good Lord support you...)
157. Adieu, ma bonne, (Farewell, my good one)
Time: See previous chapter. Then the following day (next day in Dunnigan, Mandelker, and Garnett)
Locations: the drawing room in Count Bezukhov's house in Moscow. Also Pierre's room or rooms up-stairs (Dole, Garnett, and Dunnigan don't use a hyphen. Bell calls it second floor.)
Mentioned: St. Petersburg, L'Angleterre (England in Briggs, Bell, and Maude), the English Channel (Pas de Calais in Pevear and Volkhonsky and Mandelker (who uses hyphens). the Channel in Briggs, Garnett, and Bell (no capital in the latter). the straits of Dover in Maude. Dover Straits in Dole.), London, the Rostovs dinner, the Sparrow Hills, and Boulogne.
Pevear and Volkhonsky Notes: Reminder and reaffirmation of Pierre’s circumstances. “Pierre was met like a dead man or a leper” “awkwardly...but without embarrassment.” They laugh at him. “He spent whole days alone upstairs in his room.” That catches up to “the present” where Boris comes in. Pierre imagines that he was Napoleon himself, conquering London and sentencing Mister Pitt as a traitor. Pierre doesn’t remember who Boris is and gets names confused. Pierre expresses the exhaustion some readers have, forgetting who the characters are and getting confused.
Maude (chapter 16): Pierre at his father's house; talks with Boris.
Briggs (chapter 13): Boris visits Pierre.
Translation:
XIII.
Pierre did not have time to choose for himself a career in Petersburg and, really, was sent out to Moscow for unruly behavior. The story which was told at Count Rostov’s was true. Pierre participated in the binding of the policeman with a bear. He had arrived a few days before and had stopped, as always, at the house of his father. Although he assumed that his story was already known in Moscow, and that the ladies surrounding his father were always unfriendly to him, taking advantage in this case, so to annoy the count, he all the same on the day of arrival went to the half of his father. Entering into the living room, the ordinary abode of the princess, he greeted the ladies, sitting behind the frame and behind a book, which they were reading out loud from. They were three. The older, neat, with a long waist, a strict girl that exited herself to Anna Mihaylovna, reading; the younger, both rosy and pretty, differing from each other only by one having a mole above the lip, extremely beautiful in her, sewed into a frame. Pierre was met as a dead man or as plagued. The older princess interrupted her reading and silently looked at him with scared eyes; the younger without the mole accepted exactly the same expression; the younger with the mole, a fun and funny character, bent over the frame, so to hide a smile caused by, probably, the scene that lied ahead and the fun which she foresaw. She pulled the wool downwards and bent over, as if sorting patterns, and barely holding from laughter.
—Hello, cousin. — said Pierre. — Do you not recognize me?151
— I too well recognize you, too well.
— How is the health of the count? Can I see him? — asked Pierre awkwardly, as always, yet not embarrassed.
— The count suffers both physically and morally, and, it seems, you have taken care so to harm him with more moral misery.
— Can I see the count? — repeated Pierre.
— Ahem!.. should you want to kill him, really kill him, you may see him. Olga, go look to see if the broth for uncle is ready, as it’s soon time, — she added, showing by this to Pierre that they were busy and busy reassuring his father, so that he, obviously, was busy only in frustrating.
Olga exited. Pierre stood, looked at the sisters and, bowing, said:
— So I will go to be by myself. When I can, you will tell me.
He left, and the resonant, yet quiet, laugh of the sister with the mole was heard behind him.
On a different day Prince Vasiliy had arrived to stay in the house of the count. He called upon Pierre and said to him:
— My dear, if you lead yourself here as in Petersburg, you will finish very badly; this is right.152 The count is very, very ill: you really do not need to see him.
From then Pierre was not disturbed, and he spent the whole day alone upstairs in his room.
At the time Boris entered to him, Pierre was going around his room, occasionally stopping in the corners and doing threatening gestures to the wall, as if piercing an invisible enemy with a sword, and strictly looking over at points and then again beginning his walk, pronouncing obscure words, shrugging his shoulders and conducting his hands.
— England is at the end,153 — he spoke, frowning and pointing at something with a finger. — Pitt, as a traitor to nations and popular law, is sentenced to...154 — he did not have time to finish the sentence of Pitt, imaging himself in that moment to be with Napoleon himself and together with his hero now having made the dangerous move across Pas de Calais (Strait of Dover) and conquered London, — as he saw entering to him a young, slim and beautiful officer. He had stopped. Pierre left Boris a fourteen-year-old boy and resolutely did not remember him; yet, despite this, with his peculiar fast and hearty manner took him behind his arm and smiled friendly.
— Do you remember me? — calmly, with a nice smile, said Boris. — I with my mother have arrived to the count, but he, it seems, is not really healthy.
— Yes, it seems, unwell. Everything disturbs him, — was the response of Pierre, trying to remember who this young person was.
Boris felt that Pierre had not recognized him, yet did not count it fit to call himself and, not testy or in the slightest embarrassment, looked at him in the eyes.
— Count Rostov has requested for you to come to his dinner, —he said after quite a long, and awkward for Pierre, silence.
— Ah! Count Rostov! — Pierre happily began talking. — So you’re his son, Ilya? I, may myself represent, at the first moment did not recognize you. Remember how we at Sparrow Hills rode with madam Jaco... 155 It’s been a long time.
— You are mistaken, — leisurely, with a bold and somewhat of a mocking smile, spoke Boris. — I am Boris, the son of Princess Anna Mihaylovna Drubetskoy. Rostov's father is called Ilya, but the son — Nikolay. And I don’t know any m-me Jacquot (madam Jaco).
Pierre waved his hands and head as if mosquitoes or bees attacked him.
— Ah, well what this is! I confused everything. In Moscow are so many relatives! You’re Boris... Yes. Well here we are agreed. Well, what do you think about the Boulogne Expedition? Because of the English’s bad work, could Napoleon cross across the canal? I think that the expedition is very possible. Villeneuve would not blunder!
Boris knew nothing about the Boulogne Expedition; he was not reading the newspaper and about Villeneuve was hearing for the first time.
— We here in Moscow are more busy with dinners and gossip than politics, — he said in his calm, mocking tone. — I know nothing about this and don’t think about it. Moscow is busy with more gossip only, — he continued. — Now they speak about you and about the count.
Pierre smiled his good smile, as if fearing for his interlocutor, as he would not have said such a thing that would become worthy of repentance. But Boris spoke clearly, clearly and dryly, looking into the eyes of Pierre.
— In Moscow there is nothing more to do but gossip, — he continued. — Everyone is busy for whom the count will leave his state, although, maybe, he will outlive all of us, which is what my soul wants...
— Yes, this is all very heavy, — picked up Pierre, — very heavy. — Pierre was afraid that this officer accidentally fumbled himself into this conversation.
— But to you it must seem, — spoke Boris, blushing a little, yet not changing voice or posture, — to you it must seem that all are busy only in getting something from the rich man.
“And so it is,” thought Pierre.
— But I was wanting to say to you, so to avoid misunderstanding, that you are very mistaken, if you respect me and my mother in the number of these people. We are very poor, yet, I at least, for myself speak: because your father is rich, I do not think of myself as his relative, and I, or my mother will never ask and will not accept it.
Pierre for a long time could not understand, but when he got it, jumped up from the couch, grabbed Boris behind the arm from below with his peculiar speed and awkwardness and, flushing much more than Boris, started to speak with a mixed feeling of shame and annoyance.
— Here this is weird! I don't... yes and who but could think... I very much know...
Yet Boris again interrupted him:
— I am glad that I’ve expressed everything. It may be unpleasant to you, I’m sorry, — he said, reassuring Pierre, instead of reassuring himself, — Yet I hope that I’ve not snubbed you. I have a rule to speak all...what again am I to deliver? You will come to the dinner at the Rostovs?
And Boris, apparently dumping from himself a heavy duty, coming out of an awkward situation and putting on another, a more completely pleasant disposition.
— No, listen, — said Pierre, calming down. — You’re an astonishing person. That, what you have now said, is very good, very good. Of course, you do not know me. We for such a long time have not seen... still children... you may assume I am... I understand you, very much understand. I would have not done this, I would have lacked the spirit, but this is perfect. I am very glad that I have met you. Weird, — he added, keeping silent and smiling, — that you supposed about me! — he bursted out laughing. — Well, yes what’s the same? We should introduce ourselves better. Please. — he shook Boris’s hand. — You know that I not once was at the count’s? He has not called me... I pity him as a human... yet what again to do?
— And you think that Napoleon will have time to ferry his army? — asked Boris, smiling.
Pierre got it that Boris wanted to change the conversation and, agreeing with him, started to set out the benefits and the disadvantages of the Boulogne enterprise.
A lackey came to call Boris to the princess. The princess was leaving. Pierre promised to come to dinner then, so to come nearer together with Boris, shook his hand hard, affectionately looking at him in the eye through glasses... by his withdrawal Pierre still went around the room, now not piercing the invisible enemy with a sword, but smiling at the recollections about this sweet, smart and solid young man.
As this being his first youth and especially in a lonely position, he felt unreasonable tenderness to this young person and promised himself it was indispensable to make friends with him.
Prince Vasiliy brought the princess. The princess held a handkerchief to her eye, and her face was in tears.
— This is terrible! Terrible! — she said, — but what would it cost me to carry out his duty. I will come spend the night. He cannot be left so. Each minute is a journey. I do not understand what makes the princesses hesitate. May God help me find his means to prepare!.. Farewell, prince, yes God will support you...156
— Farewell, my kind one,157 — was the response of Prince Vasiliy, turning around from her.
— Ah, he is in a terrible position, — said the mother to the son, when they again sat down in the carriage. — He almost recognizes nobody.
— I do not understand, Mama, what is his relationship to Pierre? — asked the son.
— Everything will be said in the will, my friend; his and our fate depends on it...
— But why do you think that he will leave something to us?
— Ah, my friend! He is so rich, but we are so poor!
— Well, this is still an insufficient cause, Mama.
— Ah, my God! My God! How bad he is! — exclaimed the mother.
151.Bonjour, ma cousine, Vous ne me reconnaissez pas? (Hello, my cousin, don't you recognize me?)
152. Mon cher, si vous vous conduisez ici, comme à Pétersbourg, vous finirez très mal; c’est tout ce que je vous dis. (My dear, if you conduct yourself, as in Petersburg, you will finish very badly; that's all I'm telling you.)
153. L’Angleterre a vécu, (England has lived,)
154. М. Pitt comme traitre à la nation et au droit des gens est condamné à…(М. Pitt as a traitor to the nation and the right of the people is condemned to...)
155. m-me Jacquot…(Madame Jacquot)
156. Adieu, mon prince, que le bon Dieu vous soutienne…(Farewell, my prince, may the good Lord support you...)
157. Adieu, ma bonne, (Farewell, my good one)
Time: See previous chapter. Then the following day (next day in Dunnigan, Mandelker, and Garnett)
Locations: the drawing room in Count Bezukhov's house in Moscow. Also Pierre's room or rooms up-stairs (Dole, Garnett, and Dunnigan don't use a hyphen. Bell calls it second floor.)
Mentioned: St. Petersburg, L'Angleterre (England in Briggs, Bell, and Maude), the English Channel (Pas de Calais in Pevear and Volkhonsky and Mandelker (who uses hyphens). the Channel in Briggs, Garnett, and Bell (no capital in the latter). the straits of Dover in Maude. Dover Straits in Dole.), London, the Rostovs dinner, the Sparrow Hills, and Boulogne.
Pevear and Volkhonsky Notes: Reminder and reaffirmation of Pierre’s circumstances. “Pierre was met like a dead man or a leper” “awkwardly...but without embarrassment.” They laugh at him. “He spent whole days alone upstairs in his room.” That catches up to “the present” where Boris comes in. Pierre imagines that he was Napoleon himself, conquering London and sentencing Mister Pitt as a traitor. Pierre doesn’t remember who Boris is and gets names confused. Pierre expresses the exhaustion some readers have, forgetting who the characters are and getting confused.
“In 1805-1806 Napoleon set up a large military camp in Boulonge, on the English channel, and prepared for a landing of troops in England. In the fall of 1805 he ordered Admiral Villeneuve to move his ships
from the Mediterranean to the Channel and join the squadron already there, but Villeneuve, blockaded in the Mediterranean by the English, was unable to carry out the order. On 21 October 1805, at the
battle of Trafalgar, Admiral Nelson destroyed the allied French-Spanish fleet, and at the same time news came that Russia was sending troops to aid the Austrians, at which point Napoleon abandoned
the Boulogne expedition and moved his army to Austria.”Boris is contrasted with Pierre by being unaware of these events and unable or unwilling to follow the course of what is going on. Moscow is taken up with gossip instead of the coming war.
Boris wants to be direct, contrast with his sincerty in the last couple of chapters versus his mother. The emphasis on awkward; on how this is awkward for the characters.
Pierre speaks in a very broken and stream of consciousness type pattern here, as with his talking to Princess Bolkonsky earlier.
Pierre wants to be friends with Boris and the latter’s arrival really changes his mood and his concentration. The third section of the chapter is Boris’ brief conversation with his mother.
Characters (characters who do not appear, but are mentioned are placed in italics. First appearances are in Bold. First mentions are underlined. Final appearance denoted by *)
Pierre
Count Ilya Rostof
Mishka (only “a (or “the”) bear”)
Count Kirill Vladimirovitch Bezukhoi (just “father”, “uncle”, or “the count”)
Princess Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya (full name and title given by Boris to Pierre)
Oldest Princess (the one in the previous chapter. One of these is Olga and another is the one that speaks to Pierre, but it is unclear which is which, though the youngest, the one with the mole, is the
one laughing, so it is unlikely she is either the one who speaks or Olga)
Younger Princess
Younger Princess with mole
Prince Vasili
Boris
M. Pitt (as in Dole, “Mr. Pitt” in Garnett, Edmonds and Maude (Edmonds and Maude don’t put the period after Mr), “Monsieur Pitt” in Mandelker, “Pitt” in Dunnigan)
Napoleon Bonaparte (just “Napoleon”)
Madame Jaquot (as in Dole, “...Jacquot” in Weiner, Garnett, and Briggs, “Mme. Jacquot” in Bell)
Nikolai
Villeneuve
Footman (there is no reason that this footman should or should not be one of the footmen from the previous chapter)
Abridged Versions: Bell puts a line break instead of a chapter break.
Gibian: Chapter 7.
Gibian: Chapter 7.
Fuller: The whole section where he goes to his cousins to try to see the count is removed, moving straight from the opening of the chapter, the reminder of Pierre’s situation, to
Prince Vassily’s words to him. Him pretending to be Napoleon is also removed, but the rest of the chapter seems to be preserved.
Komroff: The first section is slightly shortened, with the most notable cut being the laughing princess. Pierre pretending to be Napoleon is preserved, but not what he says
while pretending, this removing the M.Pitt reference. The rest of the chapter plays out the same.
Kropotkin: The reminders of Pierre’s predicament are removed at the beginning of the chapter. The last section, the conversation between Vassily, Anna Mikhailovna, and Boris,
is removed.
Bromfield: Chapter 20: The chapter begins with Boris, not Pierre. Gives some information about how painful he feels his current situation to be before going to Pierre. The rest
of the chapter plays out exactly the same. Tolstoy must have removed the paragraph because of the obviousness or repetitiveness.
Simmons: See previous chapter.
Simmons: See previous chapter.
Additional Notes:
Maude Notes: “William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806), British Tory Prime Minister, was instrumental in abolishing the slave trade in England through a productive political
collaboration with William Wilberforce. He was an impassioned opponent of Napoleon, suffering severe bouts of illness after receiving news of the battles of Trafalgar
and Austerlitz. When hailed as the saviour of Europe from the threat of Napoleon, he famously replied:
“England has saved herself by her exertions; and will, as I trust, save Europe by her example.’ After the battle of Austerlitz, in another memorable comment, he gestured
“England has saved herself by her exertions; and will, as I trust, save Europe by her example.’ After the battle of Austerlitz, in another memorable comment, he gestured
towards the map of Europe on the wall with the remark: ‘Roll up that map, it will not be wanted these ten years.’
“Napoleon made plans to invade England in 1803 and by 1805 had built up extensive resources at the port of Boulogne in northeastern France, only 21 miles across
the English channel from Dover.”
“Pierre (Charles-Jean-Baptiste Sylvestre) de Villeneuve (1763-1806), Vice-Admiral of the French Navy
Garnett notes: Villeneuve was defeated and imprisoned by Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar.”
Briggs: Mr. Pitt was a bitter opponent of the French Revolution. Napoleon’s Navy was destroyed in the battle of Trafalgar
Breunig: Page 88: “In March, 1805, he was finally able to put this plan into operation. A French squadron under the command of Admiral Pierre Villeneuve (1763-1806) slipped out of Toulon and joined a Spanish squadron (Spain, too, had become involved in the war against Britain), and the combined fleet made for the West Indies. As Napoleon had hoped, the British took the bait. Admiral Horatio Nelson set out in pursuit with a British fleet. But when Villeneuve attempted to evade Nelson and return to Europe to support the projected invasion, the plan began to go awry. For Nelson ascertained the direction of the French fleet and managed to warn the British admiralty, which promptly stationed ships off the northwest coast of Spain to intercept Villeneuve’s squadron. Villeneuve took refuge in the port of Cadiz, where he was promptly blockaded again by British units.” Page 89: “Villeneuve, contemptuously ordered by the emperor to make for a Mediterranean port, sailed out of Cadiz. Admiral Nelson intercepted Villeneuve’s signals and prepared to meet him at the strait of Gibraltar. On October 21, 1805, off Cape Trafalgar, Nelson’s ships overwhelmingly defeated the enemy fleet in six hours of ship-to-ship fighting. At the end of the battle only eleven of the thirty-three French and Spanish ships managed to regain their harbor.
Roberts: Page 365: “Napoleon continued to urge Villeneuve - whom he described to Decres as ‘a poor creature, who sees double, and who has more perception than courage’”
Rey: Page 152: "When in August 1804 the fall of the British minister Addington led to Pitt's becoming prime minister."
Breunig: Page 88: “In March, 1805, he was finally able to put this plan into operation. A French squadron under the command of Admiral Pierre Villeneuve (1763-1806) slipped out of Toulon and joined a Spanish squadron (Spain, too, had become involved in the war against Britain), and the combined fleet made for the West Indies. As Napoleon had hoped, the British took the bait. Admiral Horatio Nelson set out in pursuit with a British fleet. But when Villeneuve attempted to evade Nelson and return to Europe to support the projected invasion, the plan began to go awry. For Nelson ascertained the direction of the French fleet and managed to warn the British admiralty, which promptly stationed ships off the northwest coast of Spain to intercept Villeneuve’s squadron. Villeneuve took refuge in the port of Cadiz, where he was promptly blockaded again by British units.” Page 89: “Villeneuve, contemptuously ordered by the emperor to make for a Mediterranean port, sailed out of Cadiz. Admiral Nelson intercepted Villeneuve’s signals and prepared to meet him at the strait of Gibraltar. On October 21, 1805, off Cape Trafalgar, Nelson’s ships overwhelmingly defeated the enemy fleet in six hours of ship-to-ship fighting. At the end of the battle only eleven of the thirty-three French and Spanish ships managed to regain their harbor.
Roberts: Page 365: “Napoleon continued to urge Villeneuve - whom he described to Decres as ‘a poor creature, who sees double, and who has more perception than courage’”
Rey: Page 152: "When in August 1804 the fall of the British minister Addington led to Pitt's becoming prime minister."
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