Briggs: Panic. Dolokhov's moment of glory. Relief for the battling Tushin.
Maude: Panic. Timokhin's counterattack. Dolokhov's insistence. Tushin's battery. Prince Andrew sent to order him to retreat.
Translation:
XX.
The infantry regiments, caught surprised in the wood, ran out from the forest, and the company, mingling with another company, went away in disordered droves. One soldier in fright spoke the scary in war and the senseless word: “cut off!” and the word together with a feeling of fear reported throughout the mass.
— Walked around! Cut off! Gone! — shouted the voice of the running.
The regimental commander, at the very moment as he heard the shooting and the shouting in the back, got that something terrible happened with his regiment, and the idea that he, an exemplary, serving for many years as a not guilty officer, could be guilty before his superiors in oversights or misconduct so struck him that at that same moment he forgot the rebellious cavalryman colonel and their general importance, but the main thing was — he completely forgot about the danger and the sense of self-preservation, and he, clutching for his bow saddles and spurring his horse, galloped to the regiment under the sprinkling of hail, but happily passing the bullets. He desired one thing: to know what was this business, and to help to correct what had become a mistake, and if he was with his parties, he could not be guilty as an approximately twenty two year serving, or in what was not seen, officer.
Happily galloping between the French, he jumped up to the field behind the forest, through which ran ours and, not listening to commanders, went down below the mountain. Had come that minute of moral hesitation which decides the fate of battles: will that disturbed crowd listen
to the soldierly voice of their commander or, looking back at him, will they run farther? Despite the desperate shout of so formidable of a soldier as the regimental commander, despite the furious, crimson, not similar to them face of the regimental commander and the waving of the sword, the soldiers all ran, talked, fired in the air and did not listen to their commanders. The moral hesitation, the decisive fate of battles, obviously, had allowed the favoring of fear.
The general coughed from a scream and powder smoke had stopped him in despair. It all seemed lost, but at this moment the French, advancing at ours, suddenly, without visible causes, ran backwards, hid from the fringes of the forest, and in the wood appeared Russian shooters. This was the company of Timohin, which alone in the wood kept alright and, occupying a ditch in the forest, suddenly attacked the French. Timohin with such desperate screaming rushed at the French and with such insane and drunken determination, with one skewer running over at the enemy, that the French, not having time to come around, threw up their weapons and ran. Dolohov, running nearby with Timohin, in support killed one Frenchman and was the first to take behind the collar a surrendered officer. The running returned, the battalions gathered, and the French troops were divided in two parts in the left flank, and in that moment were pushed aside. The reserve parts in time connected, and the fugitives stopped. The regimental commander stood with Major Ekonomov at the bridge, skipping past the retreating company, when to him came up a soldier, taking him behind his stirrup and almost leaned on him. On the soldier was a bluish, factory cloth overcoat, knapsack and no shako, his head was tied up, and across his shoulder was a French charger bag. He in his hands held an officer sword. The soldier was pale, his blue eyes brazenly looked at the face of the regimental commander, but his mouth smiled. Despite this, the regimental commander was busy giving orders to Major Ekonomov, he could not turn attention to this soldier.
— Your excellency, here are two trophies, — said Dolohov, pointing at the French sword and bag. — I have taken in captivity an officer. I stopped a company. — Dolohov heavily breathed from fatigue; he spoke with stops. — All the company may testify. I beg you to remember, your excellency!
— Okay, okay, — said the regimental commander and turned to Mayor Ekonomov.
But Dolohov did not walk away; he unleashed his handkerchief, yanked it and showed his hair baked in blood.
— Bayonet wound, I stayed in the front. Remember, your excellency.
————
The battery of Tushin was forgotten about, and alone at the very end of affairs, hearing the cannonade of the center, Prince Bagration sent there a duty staff officer and then Prince Andrey, so that to command the battery as back as it could be. The cover standing beside the guns of Tushin were gone by the order in the middle of affairs; yet the battery continued to fire and was not taken by the French only because of how the enemy could not assume it was the insolence of four shooting, protected by no one, guns. The opposite, by the energetic action of this battery, was assumed, that it was here in the center were focused the cardinal forces of the Russians, and two times tried to attack this point and both times were driven away by the cartridge shots of the four guns lonely standing in this elevation.
Soon after the departure of Prince Bagration, Tushin succeeded to light up Schongraben.
— You see, begin to wonder! Burn! You see that smoke! Clever! Important! That smoke, that smoke! — began the talking gunners, perking up.
All the guns without orders beat at the direction of the fire. As if urging, the shouting soldiers at each shot: “Clever! Here is so! You see you... important!” The fire, carried by the wind, quickly spread. The French columns, standing out behind the village, went backwards, but as in a punishment for this failure, the enemy put up to the right of the village nine cannons and began to beat them at Tushin.
From behind the childish joys, excited by the fire, and the passion of successful shooting at the French, our artillerists noticed this battery only then, when two shots and following behind them four more strokes between the guns and one tumbled down two horses, but another ripped off the leg of a peasant worker. The revitalization, established in time, however, was not weakened, but only changed the mood. The horses were replaced by others from a spare carriage, the wounded removed, and the four guns rotated against the ten gun battery. The officer, the fellow of Tushin, was killed at the beginning of affairs, and in the continuation of the hour from forty person gunners were seventeen, yet the artillerists all so the same were happy and lively. Two times they noticed that below, close against them, showed up the French, and then they beat them with buckshot.
A little person, with weak, awkward movements, demanded himself incessantly at the valet for more pipes, and as he spoke, sprinkling from it fire, ran out forward and from below little hands watched the French.
— Crash, guys! — he sentenced and himself picked up guns behind the wheels and unscrewed the screws.
In the smoky, deafening continuous shots, forcing him to flinch every time, Tushin, not releasing his pipe, ran from one gun to to another, aiming, considering charges, disposing of changing and dressing slain and wounded horses, and shouted in his weak thin, indecisive voice. His face all the more and more revived. Only when people were killed or wounded, did he frown and, turning away from the murdered, angrily shouting at the people that, as always, hesitated to raise the wounded or dead bodies. The soldiers, for the most part beautifully well did (as always in a battery company, two heads higher than their officer and twice as wide as him) all, as children in a difficult position, looked at their commander, and that expression which was on his face invariably reflected on their faces.
Owing to this scary rumble, the noise, the needs of attention and activities, Tushin did not feel the slightest unpleasant sense of fear, and the idea that he may be killed or wounded did not come into his head. The opposite, he became all the more and more fun. To him it seemed that already for a very long time, if not barely yesterday, was that minute when he saw the enemy and made the first shot, and that the scrap of field on which he stood, was for him a long time familiar, kindred place. Despite this he remembered everything, everything he thought and everything he did was what could be done by the best officer in his position, and he was found in the condition similar to a feverish rave or in the state of a drunk man.
From behind the deafening to all parties noises of their cannons, from behind the whistle and projectile strikes of the enemies, from behind the kind sweating, flushed, rushing about cannon gunners, from behind the kind blood of people and horses, from behind the kind haze of the enemy on that side (after which any time flew in a cannon ball and beat into the land, into a human, into a gun or into a horse), — from behind these kind items in his head established a fantastic world, which formed his enjoyment in this moment. The enemy guns in his imagination were not guns, but pipes, from which rare clubs released the smoke of an invisible smoker.
— You see, puff again, — spoke Tushin in a whisper to himself, at that time as from the mountains popped up a club of smoke that was relayed to the left field by the wind, — now wait for the ball — send it back.
— What is your order, your nobleness? — asked the fireworker standing close to him and listening to him mumbling something.
— Nothing, grenade... — was his response.
“Well now, our Matvevna,” he spoke to himself. Matvevna presented in his imagination the big extreme, ancient casted cannon. As ants the French were presented to him about their cannons. The beauty and drunkenness of the first number of the second guns in his world was Uncle; Tushin more often than the others watched it and rejoiced in each of its moves. That sound fading away, that again increasing gun skirmishes below the mountain presented to him as someone breathing. He listened to the quiet and raging of these noises.
“See, breathing again, breathing,” he spoke to himself.
He presented himself as having a huge stature, a powerful man, which with both hands tossed the French shot.
— Well, Matvevna, mother, do not give way! — he spoke, walking away from the guns, as above his head rang out an alien, unfamiliar voice:
— Captain Tushin! Captain!
Tushin, scared, turned back. This was that staff officer, which kicked him out of Grunt. He in an out of breath voice shouted to him:
— What, has your mind gotten off? You two times have been ordered back, but you...
“Well, for what are they to me?...” thought Tushin to himself, with fear looking at the chief.
— I... nothing... — he spoke, putting two fingertips against his visor. — I...
Yet the colonel did not finish saying what he wanted to. A close flying by cannon ball made him, diving, bend on his horse. He shut up and only that he wanted to say something more, as another cannon ball stopped him. He turned his horse and galloped away.
— Back! Everything back! — he screamed from afar.
The soldiers laughed. In a moment arrived an adjutant with that same order.
This was Prince Andrey. First, what he saw, leaving into that space which occupied the guns of Tushin, was a harnessed horse with a broken foot, which neighed about the harnessed horses. From its legs, as from a keyhole, poured blood. Between the front lied a few slain. Another cannon ball behind the other flew by above him, at that time as he drove, and he felt as a nervous shiver ran by his back. Though he had an idea about how he was afraid, he again raised up. “I cannot be afraid,” he thought and slowly tore from his horse between the guns. He delivered the order and did not leave from the battery. He decided that he would himself take off the guns from the positions and take them somewhere. Together with Tushin, stepping through bodies and under the terrible fire of the French, he occupied himself with the cleaning of the cannons.
— But that came now a superior, so rather, — said a fireworker to Prince Andrey, — not so as your nobleness.
Prince Andrey said nothing with Tushin. They were both so busy that it seemed they had not seen each other. Now, having the two surviving from the four guns in the front, they moved below the mountain (alone a broken cannon and a howitzer were left), and Prince Andrey drove to Tushin.
— Well, goodbye, — said Prince Andrey, holding out a hand to Tushin.
— Goodbye, darling, — said Tushin, — Pretty soul! Farewell, darling, — said Tushin with tears, which for why it is unknown suddenly came forward into his eyes.
Time: See previous chapter
Locations: the woods (and forest), Schongraben
Mentioned: French, Russian, Grunth
Pevear and Volkhonsky notes: Disorder and chaos early on in the chapter.
“Senseless and terrible in time of war…”
For the regimental commander, it is not the positive of getting a medal, but the negative of being embarrassed in the front of his superiors, that motivates him. He does not want to be reprimanded or blamed.
On the masses: “That moment of moral hesitation came which decides the fate of battles: would these disorderly crowds of soldiers heed the voice of their commander, or look at him and go on running?”
The regimental commander “no longer resembled himself”
The moral hesitation...was obviously being resolved in favor of fear.”
Things happen “suddenly, for no visible reason” and Timokhin’s company turns the tide by attacking the French. “Insane and drunken determination.”
Dolokhov acts “heroically” (a loaded word that isn’t Tolstoy’s), then “insolently” (Tolstoy’s words), and asks to be remembered. Line break and then to Tushin’s “forgotten” battery, which swings us back to the Andrei side of the battle
(the first part being the Rostov side, though, just as Rostov didn’t appear in the beginning, he didn’t appear here). Despite all the conflict and killing, “the artillerists were still just as merry and animated.” Despite Tushin’s lack of height,
he is like a father to his men. “He was in a state similar to feverish delirium or to that of a drunken man...there was established in his head a fantastic world of his own, which made up his pleasure at that moment.” Elaborate imagination
of his helps him escape the hellworld around him. “He pictured himself as of enormous size, a mighty man, flinging cannonballs at the French with both hands.”
(the first part being the Rostov side, though, just as Rostov didn’t appear in the beginning, he didn’t appear here). Despite all the conflict and killing, “the artillerists were still just as merry and animated.” Despite Tushin’s lack of height,
he is like a father to his men. “He was in a state similar to feverish delirium or to that of a drunken man...there was established in his head a fantastic world of his own, which made up his pleasure at that moment.” Elaborate imagination
of his helps him escape the hellworld around him. “He pictured himself as of enormous size, a mighty man, flinging cannonballs at the French with both hands.”
Andrei demonstrates bravery in staying after delivering the order, but more than anything, stays busy with work, helping to get the cannons out, and this is what distracts him from the hellworld around him.
At the end of the chapter “Tushin said with tears, which for some reasons suddenly came to his eyes”
Characters (characters who do not appear, but are mentioned are placed in italics. First appearances are in Bold. First mentions are underlined. Final appearance denoted by *):
Soldier (who cries “Cut off!”)
The regimental commander (also “general”)
Colonel of Hussars (“colonel of cavalry” in this chapter)
Timokhin
Dolokhof
Major Ekonomof (as in Dole. “...Ekonomov” in Wiener, Garnett, and Maude. “,,,Ekonomow” in Bell.)
Captain Tushin
Prince Bagration (debatable whether or not he is in the chapter or not, as he just sends Andrei in the prose. The active “sent” or “send” may be an argument for including him as a character in the chapter)
Prince Andrei
The powder-master (as in Dole, who loses a leg. “Munition-wagon driver” in Mandelker, Dunnigan (who pluralizes “munition”), and Maude. “Caisson driver” in Wiener. “A gunner” in Bell and Garnett (who varies from other translations
in having him only losing a foot). “Wagon driver” in Briggs.
in having him only losing a foot). “Wagon driver” in Briggs.
An officer, Tushin’s comrade (as in Dole. “.....companion” in Wiener. “Tushin’s companion officer” in Mandelker, Edmonds, and Maude. “The officer second in command to Tonschine” in Bell. “The other officer, Tushin’s comrade” in
Garnett. “One of Tushin’s fellow officers” in Briggs. “Another officer, Tushin’s comrade” in Dunnigan.)
Garnett. “One of Tushin’s fellow officers” in Briggs. “Another officer, Tushin’s comrade” in Dunnigan.)
A gunner (who asks Tushin for orders. “An artilleryman” in Edmonds, Maude (who uses a hyphen), and Mandelker. “A cannoneer” in Wiener. “Man by his side” in Bell. May or may not be the same gunner who talks to Andrei later in
the chapter)
the chapter)
Gunner number one (Dole uses quotation marks this time, also “uncle”)
An officer on duty (“same staff officer who had sent him (Tushin) out of Grund” here. Also called a “colonel”)
(of course, tons and tons of soldiers)
(just because the canons are given names by Tushin doesn’t mean that they should be considered characters)
Abridged Versions: No line break in Bell. Also no chapter or line break at the end of the chapter
Gibian: Chapter 15: line break after "Remember, your excellency!"'
Gibian: Chapter 15: line break after "Remember, your excellency!"'
Fuller: Chapter is preserved
Komroff: A lot of the regimental commander’s actions early on are shortened and removed, as well as Tolstoy’s statements about the moral decision armies make in times of chaos. Major Ekonomof reference is removed. After the line
break, the description about the French’s reaction to Tushin’s guns is removed, as is the first reference to the staff officer and Prince Andrei being sent to him. Tushin’s comrade being killed is removed. The soldiers looking up to him
like they are children is removed. Tushin’s orders and conversation with his gunners before the staff officer comes is removed. The names he gives the cannons are also removed.
break, the description about the French’s reaction to Tushin’s guns is removed, as is the first reference to the staff officer and Prince Andrei being sent to him. Tushin’s comrade being killed is removed. The soldiers looking up to him
like they are children is removed. Tushin’s orders and conversation with his gunners before the staff officer comes is removed. The names he gives the cannons are also removed.
Kropotkin: Chapter 10: cuts everything before the line break, starting with Tushin’s battery. Some of the early description and all the early dialogue and words from the soldiers are removed. A lot of the description of the people in his
battery and what he is imagining (though his names for the guns are preserved) are removed, getting to the staff officer quicker. Rest proceeds normally and ends chapter.
battery and what he is imagining (though his names for the guns are preserved) are removed, getting to the staff officer quicker. Rest proceeds normally and ends chapter.
Bromfield: Chapter 21: More description of the overall picture of the battlefield and what the different battalions were doing. The regimental commander calls out to a Captain Maslov and Lieutenant Pletnev and appeals for them to die for the Tsar. The Dolokhov episode ends the chapter. Chapter 22: This chapter contains the Tushin part of the chapter and everything is the same except the very end, where after Tushin says goodbye with tears in his eyes, Andrei shrugs and rides away and Tushin ends the chapter by saying “Right-o, and a pipe at the same time”
Simmons: Chapter 15: The focus on the general at the beginning of the chapter is removed. Line break after "Remember, your excellency!"'.
Simmons: Chapter 15: The focus on the general at the beginning of the chapter is removed. Line break after "Remember, your excellency!"'.
Additional Notes:
Fremont-Barnes: Page 52: "The artillery was numerous and well manned, with crews generally prepared to die at their guns rather than withdraw in the face of attack. The Russians operated a disproportionately large number of
heavy calibre pieces, in particular 12-pounders, so called because of the weight of the shot they fired."
Rey: Page 144: the tsar gave him carte blanche to reorganize and reinforce the artillery. Arakcheev applied himself to the task, beginning by inspecting over several months the regiments of the imperial army, which (page 145) then included 446,000 men. From his observations he concluded that it would be desirable to separate artillery from infantry and gave artillery its own chain of command and its own resources, and that it should cease being considered as simply support for the infantry...during the first engagements against Bonaparte, it was not yet fully operational."
Fremont-Barnes: Page 52: "The artillery was numerous and well manned, with crews generally prepared to die at their guns rather than withdraw in the face of attack. The Russians operated a disproportionately large number of
heavy calibre pieces, in particular 12-pounders, so called because of the weight of the shot they fired."
Rey: Page 144: the tsar gave him carte blanche to reorganize and reinforce the artillery. Arakcheev applied himself to the task, beginning by inspecting over several months the regiments of the imperial army, which (page 145) then included 446,000 men. From his observations he concluded that it would be desirable to separate artillery from infantry and gave artillery its own chain of command and its own resources, and that it should cease being considered as simply support for the infantry...during the first engagements against Bonaparte, it was not yet fully operational."
Radzinsky: Page 106: "Alexander lost Sevatopol...the new tsar understood the futility of resistance. For more than a year the city had held up under hellish cannon attack. Leo Tolstoy, who fought in Sevastopol, described the
daily life of war in the besieged city. "Early morning...the doctor is hurrying to the hospital; somewhere a young soldier climbs out of a trench, washes his sunburned face with icy water, and turning to the reddening east, quickly
makes the sign of the cross and prays to God; somewhere a tall, heavy wagon creaks in way to the cemetery to bury bloodied corpses, with which it is piled almost to the top...White flags fly from our bastion and the French trench,
and between them in the flowering grass mutilated bodies are gathered and loaded into carts. A horrible, heavy smell of dead bodies fills the air. People speak with each other peacefully and kindly, joking, laughing...But the
cease-fire is only for picking up the bodies. And the firing resumes."
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