Chapter Summaries: Dole: The retreat of the Russians. November 9, 1805. Condition of the army. Prince Andrei wounded. Sent with a special courier to the Austrian court at Brunn. Driving through the night. Weird sensations. Prince Andrei at the palace. Invited to meet the war-minister. Cool reception. Thoughts suggested by officialdom.
Briggs: Andrey is sent with dispatches to the Austrian court. The war minister.
Pevear and Volkhonsky (Chapters 9-12): Kutuzov sends Prince Andrei to the Austrian court in Brunn. Conversation with Bilibin. Morning with Bilibin, Ippolit Kuragin, and other diplomats. Prince Andrei is received by the emperor Franz. Bilibin's story of the bridge at Tabor.
Maude: Prince Andrew sent with despatches to the Austrian Court. The Minister of War
Translation:
IX. Pursued by the French army of one hundred thousand under the superiority of Bonaparte, met by hostile local inhabitants, not trusting his allies, tested by lack of food and forced to act beyond all the foreseeable conditions of war, the Russian army of thirty five thousand, under the superiority of Kutuzov, hastily retreated downwards by the Danube, stopping there, where it had been overtaken by the enemy, and fighting off with arms only as far as this was needed so to go back and not lose heavily. These were the affairs in Lambach, Amstetten and Melk; yet, despite the bravery and resilience, recognized by the enemy themselves, with which the Russians fought, the consequence of these affairs was only a still faster retreat. Austrian troops, escaping captivity under Ulm and joined to Kutuzov in Braunau, separated now from the Russian army, and Kutuzov was left with only his weak, exhausted forces. To protect Vienna anymore could not be thought of. Instead of offensive, deep deliberation by the laws of the new science — strategy, the war plan which was delivered to Kutuzov at his being in Vienna by the Austrian Hofkriegsrat, only an almost unattainable objective was presented now to Kutuzov, consisting in this, not killing the army like Mack at Ulm, and to connect with his troops marching from Russia. On the 28th of October Kutuzov with his army moved to the left bank of the Danube and for the first time stopped, placing the Danube between himself and the main forces of the French. On the 30th he attacked the location of the left guard of Mortier’s Danube division and broke it. At this affair for the first time he took trophies; a banner, guns and two enemy generals. In the first time after two weeks of retreats, the Russian troops stopped and after the fight not only kept the field of battle, but drove away the French. Despite that, the troops were stripped, exhausted, at one third lost backward, wounded, killed and sick; despite that, on that side of the Danube were left sick and wounded with a letter by Kutuzov, entrusting the philanthropy of their enemy; despite that, large hospitals and homes in Krems turned into infirmaries that could already not accommodate in themselves all the sick and wounded, — despite all this, the stop at Krems and the victory against Mortier very much raised the spirit of the troops. Throughout the army and in the main apartment went the most joyful, although unfair gossip about imaginary approaching columns from Russia, about that victory gained by the Austrians, and about the retreat of the scared Bonaparte. Prince Andrey found out in the time of the battle the killed in this affair Austrian General Schmidt. Under him was an injured horse, and he himself was a little scratched in the arm by a bullet. In a sign of particular mercy of the commander in chief he was sent with news about this victory to the Austrian court, located now not at Vienna, which was threatened by French troops, but at Brno. On the night of the battle, excited, but not tired (despite his lightness in the view of weight, Prince Andrey could carry across physical fatigue much better than most strong people), on horseback having arrived with the report of Dohturov at Krems to Kutuzov, Prince Andrey was on that same night sent as a courier to Brno. The departure as a courier, besides awards, meant an important step to being promoted. The night was dark and stellar; the road blackened between the whitening snow that fell on the eve of the day of the battle. That sorting out of the impressions of the past battle, that happy imagining impression which he would produce in the news about the victory, remembering in passing the commander in chief and his friends, Prince Andrey galloped in a mail chaise, testing the feeling of a human long awaiting and, finally, reaching the beginning of desired happiness. As soon as he closed his eyes, in his ears were heard the firing of the guns and cannons, which merged with the knocking wheels and the impression of victory. He began to present how the Russians ran and that he himself was killed; yet he hastily woke up, with happiness as if again he found out that this was nothing and that, the opposite, the French ran. He again remembered all the details of the victory, his calm bravery in the time of the battle and, calmed down, dozed off... after the dark starry night advanced a bright, fun morning. The snow thawed in the sun, the horses quickly galloped, and it didn’t matter as both right and left passed a new diverse forest, field, and village. At one of the stations he overtook a wagon of Russian wounded. The Russian officer leading the transport, lounging in the front cart, shouted something, scolding with rude words at a soldier. In the long German wagon, shaking on the rocky road, was six or more pale, bandaged and dirty wounded. Some of them spoke (he heard the Russian dialect), others ate bread, the most heavy, silently, with meek and painful child-like participation, looked at the galloping passing by them courier. Prince Andrey was told to stay and asked the soldier at which affair he was wounded. — “The day before yesterday on the Danube”, — was the response of the soldier. Prince Andrey took out his purse and gave the soldier three gold pieces. — On the whole, — he added, turning to the approaching officer. — Get well soon, guys, — he turned to the soldiers, — still many more affairs. — What, sir adjutant, what news? — asked the officer, apparently wishing to talk. — Good! Forward, — he shouted to the driver and galloped onwards. Already it was really dark when Prince Andrey entered in Brno and saw himself surrounded by lofty houses, lighted benches, windows of houses and lanterns, noisy on the pavement the beautiful crews and all that atmosphere much like busy cities, which are always so attractive for the military man after camping. Prince Andrey, despite the fast ride and sleepless night, drove to the palace, feeling himself still more busy than on the eve. Alone his eyes shone a febrile shine, and his thoughts were replaced with extreme speed and clarity. Lively presented to him again were all the details of the battle now not vaguely, but definitely, in a compressed statement, which he in his imagination told Emperor Franz. Lively presented to him random questions, which could be made to him, and those answers which he would make to them. He believed that he now was already in the presence of the emperor. But in the large entrance of the palace to him ran out a civil servant and, upon learning that he was a courier, took him to a different porch. — From the corridor to the right; there, your high nobility,261 find the duty officer adjutant of the wing, — the civil servant said to him. — He will take you to the war minister. The on duty adjutant of the wing, meeting Prince Andrey, asked him to wait and went to the war minister. After five minutes the adjutant of the wing returned and, especially courteously bending over and bringing Prince Andrey forward to himself, took him through the corridor into the office where the war minister occupied. The adjutant of the wing’s exquisite courtesy, it seemed, wanted to shield him from attempts of familiarity with the Russian adjutant. The joyful feeling of Prince Andrey was much weakened when he approached to the door of the office of the war minister. He felt himself offended, and the feeling of insults passed in that same instant unnoticed to him into a feeling of contempt, which was not established. The same resourceful mind in that same moment suggested to him that point of view with which he had the right to despise the adjutant and the war minister. “To them, it must be very easy to hold victory, not smelling gunpowder!” he thought. His eyes contemptuously squinted; he especially slowly entered into the office of the war minister. This feeling still more intensified when he saw the war minister, sitting at a big table and the first two minutes not drawing attention to the entered. The war minister lowered ihis bald, with gray-haired temples, head between two wax candles and was reading, marking with a pencil, paperwork. He read, not raising his head, at that time as the door opened and heard steps. — Take this and deliver it,— said the war minister to his adjutant, giving the paperwork and still not turning attention to the courier. Prince Andrey felt that of all the affairs that occupied the war minister, the action of Kutuzov’s army could not interest him less, or needed to give these feelings to the Russian courier. “Yet I completely do not care,” he thought. The war minister pushed the rest of the paperwork, equalized their edges with the edges and raised his head. He had an intelligent and characteristic head. Yet in that same moment as he turned to Prince Andrey, the clever and solid expression of the face of the war minister, apparently, habitually and consciously changed: on his face stopped a stupid, feigned, not hiding its pretense, smile of a man hosting one behind another of such petitioners. — From General Field Marshal Kutuzov? — he asked. — I hope good news? Was the collision with Mortier? Victory? It’s time! He took the dispatch, which was in his name, and began to read it with a sad expression. — Ah, my God! My God! Schmidt! — he said in German. — What misfortune, what misfortune! Having run through the dispatch he placed it on the table and looked at Prince Andrey, apparently, thinking something. — Ah, what misfortune! This business you speak about is decisive? Mortier not taken, however. (He thought.) Very glad that you brought good news, although the death of Schmidt is expensive pay for victory. His majesty, rightly, wishes to see you, but not now. Thank you, rest. Tomorrow will be the departure after the parade. However, I will let you know. Vanished in the time of the conversation the stupid smile again appeared on the face of the war minister. — Goodbye, I thank you very much. The Sovereign Emperor, probably, will wish to see you, — he repeated and tipped his head. When Prince Andrey got out of the palace, he felt that all interest and happiness, delivered to him in the victory, left him now and was delivered to the indifferent hand of the war minister and the courteous adjutant. All his mental thoughts instantly changed: the battle introduced in himself was a long, distant memory. 261. Euer Hochgeboren,
Time: October 28th, 30 (the two days ago mentioned by the soldier Andrei talks to should be a reference back to the 28th)
Locations: Brunn, one of the stations (post-stations in Maude and Mandelker. posting-station in Briggs and Pevear and Volkhonsky (do not use a hyphen). post-houses in Dole and Bell. post stages in Dunnigan.), the large entrance to the palace, the corridor, and cabinet
Mentioned: French, Russia (and Russian), Danube (including the left bank and the other side), Braunau Lambach, Amstetten (Amsteten in Garnett), Melck (Melk in Garnett. Molk in Mandelker.), Austrian, Ulm, Vienna, Krems (including large hospitals and houses), German
Pevear and Volkhonsky: Russian troops’ conditions: “encountering a hostile local populace, no longer trusting their allies, suffering from a shortness of supplies, and forced to act outside all foreseeable conditions of war…”
Briggs: Andrey is sent with dispatches to the Austrian court. The war minister.
Pevear and Volkhonsky (Chapters 9-12): Kutuzov sends Prince Andrei to the Austrian court in Brunn. Conversation with Bilibin. Morning with Bilibin, Ippolit Kuragin, and other diplomats. Prince Andrei is received by the emperor Franz. Bilibin's story of the bridge at Tabor.
Maude: Prince Andrew sent with despatches to the Austrian Court. The Minister of War
Translation:
IX. Pursued by the French army of one hundred thousand under the superiority of Bonaparte, met by hostile local inhabitants, not trusting his allies, tested by lack of food and forced to act beyond all the foreseeable conditions of war, the Russian army of thirty five thousand, under the superiority of Kutuzov, hastily retreated downwards by the Danube, stopping there, where it had been overtaken by the enemy, and fighting off with arms only as far as this was needed so to go back and not lose heavily. These were the affairs in Lambach, Amstetten and Melk; yet, despite the bravery and resilience, recognized by the enemy themselves, with which the Russians fought, the consequence of these affairs was only a still faster retreat. Austrian troops, escaping captivity under Ulm and joined to Kutuzov in Braunau, separated now from the Russian army, and Kutuzov was left with only his weak, exhausted forces. To protect Vienna anymore could not be thought of. Instead of offensive, deep deliberation by the laws of the new science — strategy, the war plan which was delivered to Kutuzov at his being in Vienna by the Austrian Hofkriegsrat, only an almost unattainable objective was presented now to Kutuzov, consisting in this, not killing the army like Mack at Ulm, and to connect with his troops marching from Russia. On the 28th of October Kutuzov with his army moved to the left bank of the Danube and for the first time stopped, placing the Danube between himself and the main forces of the French. On the 30th he attacked the location of the left guard of Mortier’s Danube division and broke it. At this affair for the first time he took trophies; a banner, guns and two enemy generals. In the first time after two weeks of retreats, the Russian troops stopped and after the fight not only kept the field of battle, but drove away the French. Despite that, the troops were stripped, exhausted, at one third lost backward, wounded, killed and sick; despite that, on that side of the Danube were left sick and wounded with a letter by Kutuzov, entrusting the philanthropy of their enemy; despite that, large hospitals and homes in Krems turned into infirmaries that could already not accommodate in themselves all the sick and wounded, — despite all this, the stop at Krems and the victory against Mortier very much raised the spirit of the troops. Throughout the army and in the main apartment went the most joyful, although unfair gossip about imaginary approaching columns from Russia, about that victory gained by the Austrians, and about the retreat of the scared Bonaparte. Prince Andrey found out in the time of the battle the killed in this affair Austrian General Schmidt. Under him was an injured horse, and he himself was a little scratched in the arm by a bullet. In a sign of particular mercy of the commander in chief he was sent with news about this victory to the Austrian court, located now not at Vienna, which was threatened by French troops, but at Brno. On the night of the battle, excited, but not tired (despite his lightness in the view of weight, Prince Andrey could carry across physical fatigue much better than most strong people), on horseback having arrived with the report of Dohturov at Krems to Kutuzov, Prince Andrey was on that same night sent as a courier to Brno. The departure as a courier, besides awards, meant an important step to being promoted. The night was dark and stellar; the road blackened between the whitening snow that fell on the eve of the day of the battle. That sorting out of the impressions of the past battle, that happy imagining impression which he would produce in the news about the victory, remembering in passing the commander in chief and his friends, Prince Andrey galloped in a mail chaise, testing the feeling of a human long awaiting and, finally, reaching the beginning of desired happiness. As soon as he closed his eyes, in his ears were heard the firing of the guns and cannons, which merged with the knocking wheels and the impression of victory. He began to present how the Russians ran and that he himself was killed; yet he hastily woke up, with happiness as if again he found out that this was nothing and that, the opposite, the French ran. He again remembered all the details of the victory, his calm bravery in the time of the battle and, calmed down, dozed off... after the dark starry night advanced a bright, fun morning. The snow thawed in the sun, the horses quickly galloped, and it didn’t matter as both right and left passed a new diverse forest, field, and village. At one of the stations he overtook a wagon of Russian wounded. The Russian officer leading the transport, lounging in the front cart, shouted something, scolding with rude words at a soldier. In the long German wagon, shaking on the rocky road, was six or more pale, bandaged and dirty wounded. Some of them spoke (he heard the Russian dialect), others ate bread, the most heavy, silently, with meek and painful child-like participation, looked at the galloping passing by them courier. Prince Andrey was told to stay and asked the soldier at which affair he was wounded. — “The day before yesterday on the Danube”, — was the response of the soldier. Prince Andrey took out his purse and gave the soldier three gold pieces. — On the whole, — he added, turning to the approaching officer. — Get well soon, guys, — he turned to the soldiers, — still many more affairs. — What, sir adjutant, what news? — asked the officer, apparently wishing to talk. — Good! Forward, — he shouted to the driver and galloped onwards. Already it was really dark when Prince Andrey entered in Brno and saw himself surrounded by lofty houses, lighted benches, windows of houses and lanterns, noisy on the pavement the beautiful crews and all that atmosphere much like busy cities, which are always so attractive for the military man after camping. Prince Andrey, despite the fast ride and sleepless night, drove to the palace, feeling himself still more busy than on the eve. Alone his eyes shone a febrile shine, and his thoughts were replaced with extreme speed and clarity. Lively presented to him again were all the details of the battle now not vaguely, but definitely, in a compressed statement, which he in his imagination told Emperor Franz. Lively presented to him random questions, which could be made to him, and those answers which he would make to them. He believed that he now was already in the presence of the emperor. But in the large entrance of the palace to him ran out a civil servant and, upon learning that he was a courier, took him to a different porch. — From the corridor to the right; there, your high nobility,261 find the duty officer adjutant of the wing, — the civil servant said to him. — He will take you to the war minister. The on duty adjutant of the wing, meeting Prince Andrey, asked him to wait and went to the war minister. After five minutes the adjutant of the wing returned and, especially courteously bending over and bringing Prince Andrey forward to himself, took him through the corridor into the office where the war minister occupied. The adjutant of the wing’s exquisite courtesy, it seemed, wanted to shield him from attempts of familiarity with the Russian adjutant. The joyful feeling of Prince Andrey was much weakened when he approached to the door of the office of the war minister. He felt himself offended, and the feeling of insults passed in that same instant unnoticed to him into a feeling of contempt, which was not established. The same resourceful mind in that same moment suggested to him that point of view with which he had the right to despise the adjutant and the war minister. “To them, it must be very easy to hold victory, not smelling gunpowder!” he thought. His eyes contemptuously squinted; he especially slowly entered into the office of the war minister. This feeling still more intensified when he saw the war minister, sitting at a big table and the first two minutes not drawing attention to the entered. The war minister lowered ihis bald, with gray-haired temples, head between two wax candles and was reading, marking with a pencil, paperwork. He read, not raising his head, at that time as the door opened and heard steps. — Take this and deliver it,— said the war minister to his adjutant, giving the paperwork and still not turning attention to the courier. Prince Andrey felt that of all the affairs that occupied the war minister, the action of Kutuzov’s army could not interest him less, or needed to give these feelings to the Russian courier. “Yet I completely do not care,” he thought. The war minister pushed the rest of the paperwork, equalized their edges with the edges and raised his head. He had an intelligent and characteristic head. Yet in that same moment as he turned to Prince Andrey, the clever and solid expression of the face of the war minister, apparently, habitually and consciously changed: on his face stopped a stupid, feigned, not hiding its pretense, smile of a man hosting one behind another of such petitioners. — From General Field Marshal Kutuzov? — he asked. — I hope good news? Was the collision with Mortier? Victory? It’s time! He took the dispatch, which was in his name, and began to read it with a sad expression. — Ah, my God! My God! Schmidt! — he said in German. — What misfortune, what misfortune! Having run through the dispatch he placed it on the table and looked at Prince Andrey, apparently, thinking something. — Ah, what misfortune! This business you speak about is decisive? Mortier not taken, however. (He thought.) Very glad that you brought good news, although the death of Schmidt is expensive pay for victory. His majesty, rightly, wishes to see you, but not now. Thank you, rest. Tomorrow will be the departure after the parade. However, I will let you know. Vanished in the time of the conversation the stupid smile again appeared on the face of the war minister. — Goodbye, I thank you very much. The Sovereign Emperor, probably, will wish to see you, — he repeated and tipped his head. When Prince Andrey got out of the palace, he felt that all interest and happiness, delivered to him in the victory, left him now and was delivered to the indifferent hand of the war minister and the courteous adjutant. All his mental thoughts instantly changed: the battle introduced in himself was a long, distant memory. 261. Euer Hochgeboren,
Time: October 28th, 30 (the two days ago mentioned by the soldier Andrei talks to should be a reference back to the 28th)
Locations: Brunn, one of the stations (post-stations in Maude and Mandelker. posting-station in Briggs and Pevear and Volkhonsky (do not use a hyphen). post-houses in Dole and Bell. post stages in Dunnigan.), the large entrance to the palace, the corridor, and cabinet
Mentioned: French, Russia (and Russian), Danube (including the left bank and the other side), Braunau Lambach, Amstetten (Amsteten in Garnett), Melck (Melk in Garnett. Molk in Mandelker.), Austrian, Ulm, Vienna, Krems (including large hospitals and houses), German
Pevear and Volkhonsky: Russian troops’ conditions: “encountering a hostile local populace, no longer trusting their allies, suffering from a shortness of supplies, and forced to act outside all foreseeable conditions of war…”
They only fight when they have to and retreat retreat retreat.
“Despite the courage and steadfastness, acknowledged by the enemy themselves”
The scientific strategy is impossible because of the real life conditions. They do win a victory against Mortier despite all the negative things happening to them.
Tolstoy really quickly starts to summarize battles and movements. Seemingly only interested in them in the sense that the reader needs to know about them, but they only affect our characters in a sideways way, such as the Austrian
General Schmidt dying while Andrei “was attached” to him. Strangely, Tolstoy decides not to give us the scene of Andrei’s action that kills his horse and slightly wounds him. Instead, this is just background information, like the dark
starry night that sets up the scene and what Andrei is feeling at this moment. His imagination dwells on the negative but that just makes when he opens his eyes even more positive.
General Schmidt dying while Andrei “was attached” to him. Strangely, Tolstoy decides not to give us the scene of Andrei’s action that kills his horse and slightly wounds him. Instead, this is just background information, like the dark
starry night that sets up the scene and what Andrei is feeling at this moment. His imagination dwells on the negative but that just makes when he opens his eyes even more positive.
Little brief scene of Andrei giving good news, asking the wounded soldiers about their action, and giving them gold.
He shapes his story, imagines he will be graced by the Emperor Franz and then becomes incredibly disappointed when this isn’t the way it all plays out. “Whiff of powder” virginity type thing appears ago, Rostov losing his last chapter,
Andrei berating, in his mind, the adjutant and the minister of war. But really, the anti-elitism of Tolstoy showing up in Andrei’s “To him it must seem very easy to win a victory, having never had a whiff of powder.”
Andrei berating, in his mind, the adjutant and the minister of war. But really, the anti-elitism of Tolstoy showing up in Andrei’s “To him it must seem very easy to win a victory, having never had a whiff of powder.”
“His whole way of thinking changed instantly...the battle appeared to him now as a long-past, far-off memory.”
The Austrian minister of war and his "stupid" face.
Characters (characters who do not appear, but are mentioned are placed in italics. First appearances are in Bold. First mentions are underlined. Final appearance denoted by *)
Kutuzof (could argue either way as to whether he is in the chapter or not. Also “commander-in-chief” and called “General Field Marshal Kutuzof“ in Dole, Dunnigan, and Maude (with an extra hyphen by the minister of war. “General
Prince…” in Bell. “Field-Marshal…” in Wiener. )
Napoleon Bonaparte (just “Bonaparte”)
General Mack (just “Mack”)
Mortier (again, debatable whether he should be just a mentioned character or a character inside the chapter, but since Tolstoy is summarizing in the beginning of this chapter rather than creating scenes, I lean towards him being a
mentioned character)
Prince Andrei (and his wounded horse. He’s also called “Mr. Adjutant”, “courier”, and “Euer Hochgeboren”, which Bell translates in parenthesis as “High born Sir”)
Austrian General Schmidt (the “Austrian General” from earlier in the book?)
Dokhturof (as in Dole. “Dokhturov” in Mandelker, Maude, and Edmonds. “Dohturov” in Garnett.)
A Russian Officer (in Dole, Dunnigan, and Wiener (the last two choosing “the”), “the officer in command” in Bell.)
The driver (or “his driver”, as in Andrei’s)
Emperor Franz (called “his majesty” by the minister of war)
An official (who sends Andrei to another entrance.)
Flugel-adjutant (as in Dole. “aide-de-camp” in Dunnigan. “Duty adjutant” in Briggs. “Adjutant on duty” in Mandelker. There seems to be confusion as to whether the adjutant being “on duty” is part of the title. Dunnigan and Dole do
not interpret it as part of the person’s title, while Briggs, Garnett, Edmonds, and Mandelker do.)
Minister of war
(tons of soldiers obviously)
Abridged Versions: End of chapter 15 in Bell.
Gibian: Chapter 6
Gibian: Chapter 6
Fuller: the references to Lambach, Amstetten, and Melck are cut. The snippy references to Mack and the Austrian science of warfare are removed. Huge cut after mention of first defeat of French, jumping from “marching from
Russia” to “On the 28th of October”, cutting the entirety of the Andrei episode without a line break.
Russia” to “On the 28th of October”, cutting the entirety of the Andrei episode without a line break.
Komroff: The reference of Lamback, Amstetten and Melck is removed and the section before the first date is shortened. Significantly, the Prince Andre section is shortened, him meeting the Russian officer is removed, and we get
into the minister of war headquarters much quicker. This final section of the chapter is mostly kept, other than the last lines, about Prince Andre’s reaction, are dropped and is followed by a line break.
into the minister of war headquarters much quicker. This final section of the chapter is mostly kept, other than the last lines, about Prince Andre’s reaction, are dropped and is followed by a line break.
Kropotkin: Chapter 5: The first section of the chapter, the war exposition, is shortened. The Russian officer conversation is removed, and the ending lines of the chapter are removed.
Bromfield: Chapter 10: There is a conversation with Nesvitsky where he congratulates Andrei ahead of time of getting an “Order of Marya-Theresa”, but Andrei tells him that he is authentically happy and sincere. The rest of the
chapter appears the same.
Simmons: Chapter 7: Andrew's journey and discussion with the wounded soldier is missing, as is his dreams.
chapter appears the same.
Simmons: Chapter 7: Andrew's journey and discussion with the wounded soldier is missing, as is his dreams.
Additional Notes:
Garnett: “Austrian general Schmidt: In 1805 Heinrich-Sebastian Schmidt (1775-1805), a confidant of Francis I, was a member of Kutuzov’s retinue.
Dohturov: General Dmitry Sergeyevitch Dohturov (1756-1816) took part in the war against Sweden (1789-1790) and the Napoleonic Wars of 1805-1807 and 1812-1813.
Mortier: Edouard-Adolphe-Casimir-Joseph Mortier (1768-1835), duke of Trevise, fought and was defeated by Kutuzov at Durnstein, Austria, in 1805. During the Russian campaign of 1812 he commanded the Young Guard and
was the last French general to leave Moscow.”
Montefiore: Page 235: (Catherine) "so, my friend, I too have smelled gunpowder.”
The Law of Love and the Law of Violence: Page 218: “And yet the work of the senator, the minister, the monarch, and the leaders of political parties is just as base, vile and alien to human nature and, perhaps, even worse than
the task of the executioner or spy, since it is just the same, but covered in hypocrisy.”
Fremont-Barnes: Page 16: "Austria, under the Hapsburg Emperor Francis II, who came to the throne in 1792, controlled a vast Central and Eastern European empire containing a multitude of nationalities, (Page 17) including Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Italians, Poles and others"
was the last French general to leave Moscow.”
Montefiore: Page 235: (Catherine) "so, my friend, I too have smelled gunpowder.”
The Law of Love and the Law of Violence: Page 218: “And yet the work of the senator, the minister, the monarch, and the leaders of political parties is just as base, vile and alien to human nature and, perhaps, even worse than
the task of the executioner or spy, since it is just the same, but covered in hypocrisy.”
Fremont-Barnes: Page 16: "Austria, under the Hapsburg Emperor Francis II, who came to the throne in 1792, controlled a vast Central and Eastern European empire containing a multitude of nationalities, (Page 17) including Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Italians, Poles and others"
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