Chapter Summaries: Dole: Kutuzof in retreat. The army crossing the Enns. The scene. View from the hill. Firing from the battery.
Briggs: Crossing the Enns.
Maude (chapters 6-8): Crossing the Enns. Burning the bridge. Rostov's baptism of fire
Pevear and Volkhonsky (chapters 6-8): Kutuzov falls back towards Vienna as the French advance. Crossing the Enns. Nikolai sees action for the first time.
Translation:
Locations:
Mentioned: Vienna, on the River Inn (at Braunau. Mandelker and Dunnigan have rivers Inn.), on the Traun (at Linz. Mandelker has near instead of at.), Russian, River Enns (also town of Enns. Dole calls it a city.), the bend of the Danube, the confluence (junction in Bell) of the River Enns with the Danube, the left shore of the Danube, the towers of a monastery, the other side of the Enns, Turkish (not mentioned in Bell), Austrian, Italian
Pevear and Volkhonsky Notes:
Briggs: Crossing the Enns.
Maude (chapters 6-8): Crossing the Enns. Burning the bridge. Rostov's baptism of fire
Pevear and Volkhonsky (chapters 6-8): Kutuzov falls back towards Vienna as the French advance. Crossing the Enns. Nikolai sees action for the first time.
Translation:
VI.
Kutuzov stepped back to Vienna, destroying behind himself bridges on the rivers Inn (in Braunau) and Traun (in Linz). On the 23th of October Russian troops crossed the river Enns. Russian wagons, artillery and columns of
troops in the middle of the day dragged on across the city of Enns, by this and by that side of the bridge.
It was a warm and rainy autumn day. From a wide perspective, revealed from the elevation where the Russian battery was standing, defending the bridge that was suddenly dragged by a muslin curtain of slanting rain that
suddenly expanded, and in the light of the sun far away visible items became clear, exactly as if covered in varnish. The town was seen below their feet with its own white houses and red roofs, cathedral and bridge, on both
sides of which were crowding, poured masses of Russians troops. On the bend of the Danube were seen ships, an island, and a castle with a park, surrounded by the waters of the confluence of the Enns into the Danube, on
the left was seen the rocky and covered pine forest bank of the Danube from a mysterious distance of green peaks and blueing gorges. Towers of a monastery were seen, prominent from behind the pine, seemingly
untouched, wild forest, and far away ahead on the mountain, on that side of the Enns, the traveling enemy was seen.
Between the guns, on the height, were standing ahead the chief rearguard general with a retinue officer, looking through a pipe at the terrain. A few behind sat on a trunk of the gun by Nesvitsky, sent from the commander in
chief to the rearguard. A Cossack, accompanying Nesvitsky, gave a handbag and a flask, and Nesvitsky treated the officers to pies and sweetened vodka. The officers happily surrounded him, who was on his knees, sitting
Turkish on the wet grass.
— Yes, no fool was this Austrian prince that lined up the castle here. Glorious place. How again are you not eating, gentleman? — spoke Nesvitsky.
— We dutifully thank you, prince, — was the response of one of the officers, with pleasure talking with so important a staff officer. — Beautiful place. We ourselves passed by the park, saw two deer, and the house which
was wonderful!
— Look, prince, — said another, who very much wanted to take more pie, but was ashamed, and therefore pretended that he was looking around the terrain, — take a look, our infantry already climbed there. Out there, in
that meadow, behind the village, three drag something. They will take this palace, — he said with visible approval.
And that, and that, — said Nesvitsky. — No, but that would be what I desire, — he added chewing a pie in his beautiful wet mouth, — so there is where to climb here.
He pointed out at the monastery with the towers, seen on the mountain. He smiled, his eyes narrowed and lit up.
— But that would be good, gentleman!
The officers laughed.
— That would scare these nuns. Italians, they say, are young. Right, five years of my life I would give!
— Because they are bored, — laughingly said the officer that was bolder.
Between the retinue an officer, standing ahead, pointed out something to a general; the general watched in the visual pipe.
— Well, so it is, so it is, — angrily said the general, lowering the pipe from his eye and shrugging his shoulders, — so it is, will become beaten by the crossing. And for what do they there hesitate?
On that side simply by eyes were visible the enemy and its battery, out of whom was seen a milky white smoke. Following behind the haze rang out a shot, and it was seen how our troops hurried into the crossing.
Nesvitsky, puffing, rose and, smiling, came up to the general.
— If you do not have anything for a bite your excellency? — he said.
— No good business, — said the general, not answering him, — we hesitated.
— If I do not go, your excellency? — said Nesvitsky.
— Yes, take a trip, please, — said the general, repeating that which was already once in detail ordered, — and tell the hussars, so they at last go over and light the bridge, as I ordered, and so that the combustible materials
on the bridge were still sent.
— Very well, — was the response of Nesvitsky.
He called the Cossack from the horse, told him to remove the handbag and flask and easily threw across his heavy body onto the saddle.
— Right, I will call to the nuns, — he said to the officers, with a smile staring at him, and went by winding path below the mountain.
— A hoot, where we will inform, Captain, stop! — said the general, turning to the artillerist. — Have fun against boredom.
— Crew to guns! — ordered the officer, and in a moment funnily running out from the bonfires were the charging artillerists.
— First! — was heard from the squad.
Smartly bounced off the first number. Metallically, stunningly, rang the gun, and across the heads of all of ours under the mountain, whistling, flew over a grenade and, not far away flying before the enemy, hazily showing
their place and fell and burst.
The faces of the soldiers and officers had fun at this sound; all had risen and were occupied in the observation of the prominence above, as in palms, movements down of our troops and ahead — the movements
approaching the enemy. The sun in that same moment really exited from behind the cloud, and this nice sound of the lone shot and the shine of the bright sun merged in one peppy and fun impression.
Time: October 23rd (fourth of November in Dole)
Kutuzov stepped back to Vienna, destroying behind himself bridges on the rivers Inn (in Braunau) and Traun (in Linz). On the 23th of October Russian troops crossed the river Enns. Russian wagons, artillery and columns of
troops in the middle of the day dragged on across the city of Enns, by this and by that side of the bridge.
It was a warm and rainy autumn day. From a wide perspective, revealed from the elevation where the Russian battery was standing, defending the bridge that was suddenly dragged by a muslin curtain of slanting rain that
suddenly expanded, and in the light of the sun far away visible items became clear, exactly as if covered in varnish. The town was seen below their feet with its own white houses and red roofs, cathedral and bridge, on both
sides of which were crowding, poured masses of Russians troops. On the bend of the Danube were seen ships, an island, and a castle with a park, surrounded by the waters of the confluence of the Enns into the Danube, on
the left was seen the rocky and covered pine forest bank of the Danube from a mysterious distance of green peaks and blueing gorges. Towers of a monastery were seen, prominent from behind the pine, seemingly
untouched, wild forest, and far away ahead on the mountain, on that side of the Enns, the traveling enemy was seen.
Between the guns, on the height, were standing ahead the chief rearguard general with a retinue officer, looking through a pipe at the terrain. A few behind sat on a trunk of the gun by Nesvitsky, sent from the commander in
chief to the rearguard. A Cossack, accompanying Nesvitsky, gave a handbag and a flask, and Nesvitsky treated the officers to pies and sweetened vodka. The officers happily surrounded him, who was on his knees, sitting
Turkish on the wet grass.
— Yes, no fool was this Austrian prince that lined up the castle here. Glorious place. How again are you not eating, gentleman? — spoke Nesvitsky.
— We dutifully thank you, prince, — was the response of one of the officers, with pleasure talking with so important a staff officer. — Beautiful place. We ourselves passed by the park, saw two deer, and the house which
was wonderful!
— Look, prince, — said another, who very much wanted to take more pie, but was ashamed, and therefore pretended that he was looking around the terrain, — take a look, our infantry already climbed there. Out there, in
that meadow, behind the village, three drag something. They will take this palace, — he said with visible approval.
And that, and that, — said Nesvitsky. — No, but that would be what I desire, — he added chewing a pie in his beautiful wet mouth, — so there is where to climb here.
He pointed out at the monastery with the towers, seen on the mountain. He smiled, his eyes narrowed and lit up.
— But that would be good, gentleman!
The officers laughed.
— That would scare these nuns. Italians, they say, are young. Right, five years of my life I would give!
— Because they are bored, — laughingly said the officer that was bolder.
Between the retinue an officer, standing ahead, pointed out something to a general; the general watched in the visual pipe.
— Well, so it is, so it is, — angrily said the general, lowering the pipe from his eye and shrugging his shoulders, — so it is, will become beaten by the crossing. And for what do they there hesitate?
On that side simply by eyes were visible the enemy and its battery, out of whom was seen a milky white smoke. Following behind the haze rang out a shot, and it was seen how our troops hurried into the crossing.
Nesvitsky, puffing, rose and, smiling, came up to the general.
— If you do not have anything for a bite your excellency? — he said.
— No good business, — said the general, not answering him, — we hesitated.
— If I do not go, your excellency? — said Nesvitsky.
— Yes, take a trip, please, — said the general, repeating that which was already once in detail ordered, — and tell the hussars, so they at last go over and light the bridge, as I ordered, and so that the combustible materials
on the bridge were still sent.
— Very well, — was the response of Nesvitsky.
He called the Cossack from the horse, told him to remove the handbag and flask and easily threw across his heavy body onto the saddle.
— Right, I will call to the nuns, — he said to the officers, with a smile staring at him, and went by winding path below the mountain.
— A hoot, where we will inform, Captain, stop! — said the general, turning to the artillerist. — Have fun against boredom.
— Crew to guns! — ordered the officer, and in a moment funnily running out from the bonfires were the charging artillerists.
— First! — was heard from the squad.
Smartly bounced off the first number. Metallically, stunningly, rang the gun, and across the heads of all of ours under the mountain, whistling, flew over a grenade and, not far away flying before the enemy, hazily showing
their place and fell and burst.
The faces of the soldiers and officers had fun at this sound; all had risen and were occupied in the observation of the prominence above, as in palms, movements down of our troops and ahead — the movements
approaching the enemy. The sun in that same moment really exited from behind the cloud, and this nice sound of the lone shot and the shine of the bright sun merged in one peppy and fun impression.
Time: October 23rd (fourth of November in Dole)
Locations:
Mentioned: Vienna, on the River Inn (at Braunau. Mandelker and Dunnigan have rivers Inn.), on the Traun (at Linz. Mandelker has near instead of at.), Russian, River Enns (also town of Enns. Dole calls it a city.), the bend of the Danube, the confluence (junction in Bell) of the River Enns with the Danube, the left shore of the Danube, the towers of a monastery, the other side of the Enns, Turkish (not mentioned in Bell), Austrian, Italian
Pevear and Volkhonsky Notes:
Kutuzov, retreating, burning bridges, or at least, destroying them. 23rd of October (fourth of November in Dole).
“The vast prospect that opened out from the height where the Russian batteries stood, defending the bridge, was now suddenly covered by a muslin curtain of slanting rain, then suddenly widened out, and in the sunlight objects
became visible and clear in the distance, as if freshly varnished.”
became visible and clear in the distance, as if freshly varnished.”
The soldiers talk about taking over the convent, how it will be done, how it is approved by them, and how they wish they could do it so they can rape and pillage the nuns. And these are the Russians.
“Our troops” Tolstoy says.
Boredom, the boredom of the nuns, the boredom of the soldiers.
Movements of troops, detached, “and the beautiful sound of the solitary shot and the shining of the bright sun merged into one cheerful and merry impression.”
Characters (characters who do not appear, but are mentioned are placed in italics. First appearances are in Bold. First mentions are underlined. Final appearance denoted by *):
Kutuzof (also “commander-in-chief”)
Nesvitsky (also called “Prince”. And his horse)
A Cossack (“accompanying” (as in Dole, Dunnigan, and Wiener, though they use different tenses) or “serving” (Bell) Nesvitsky)
The general in command of the rearguard (as in Dole, Mandelker, and Garnett (the latter hyphenating “rearguard”). Called “excellency” by Nesvitsky)
Officer of his suite (as in Dole, Dunnigan, and Wiener. “one of his staff officers” in Briggs, “a staff-officer” in Maude and Bell (the latter not using the hyphen, but a space instead), “an officer of his staff” in Edmonds)
(the amount of officers is not specified and could/probably do contain more than the ones listed above. More definite is the “Austrian prince” who built the castle. And of course, many soldiers are referenced in the narration
and undifferentiated. The nuns are mentioned, but are not characters because they aren’t differentiated)
and undifferentiated. The nuns are mentioned, but are not characters because they aren’t differentiated)
Abridged Versions: No chapter break for Bell.
Gibian: Start of chapter 5. Line break instead of chapter break.
Gibian: Start of chapter 5. Line break instead of chapter break.
Fuller: Chapter is preserved
Komroff: the reference to the Austrian prince is removed but the rest of the chapter seems preserved
Kropotkin: Chapter 4: The reference to the prince and the joking before the general is serious about the artillery is removed. So all references to the nuns are removed. After Nesvitsky gets his horse from the Cossack after
receiving his order, the rest of the chapter is cut, without a chapter break or line break, to “The last of the infantry hurriedly marched across the bridge…”
receiving his order, the rest of the chapter is cut, without a chapter break or line break, to “The last of the infantry hurriedly marched across the bridge…”
Bromfield: Chapter 6: Same as later version
Simmons: Chapter 5: cut and replaced with following text: "After Mack's defeat, Kutuzov falls back towards Vienna. His forces cross the river Enns on October 23, and the Pavlograd hussars burn the bridge in the face of the
of the French advance guard under Murat. Cadet Nicholas Rostov participates in this engagement and feels that he acted in a cowardly fashion.
Simmons: Chapter 5: cut and replaced with following text: "After Mack's defeat, Kutuzov falls back towards Vienna. His forces cross the river Enns on October 23, and the Pavlograd hussars burn the bridge in the face of the
of the French advance guard under Murat. Cadet Nicholas Rostov participates in this engagement and feels that he acted in a cowardly fashion.
Additional Notes: Mandelker: “he (Kutuzov) crossed the rapid river Enns. Murat harassed the troops under Bagration, trying to intercept him and prevent him from crossing the river. He reached the river simultaneously with
Bagration and tried to seize the bridge. As described in the novel, the Pavlograd hussars managed to fire it after the Russian troops had crossed. Joachim Murat (1767-1815), who is repeatedly mentioned in the novel, was
the son of an innkeeper who had risen from the ranks. He helped Napoleon to suppress a royalist rising on 13 Vendemiaire 1795, and afterwards was rapidly promoted. After distinguishing himself in the Italian campaigns,
he accompanied Napoleon to Egypt and proved to be a brilliant cavalry leader. Returning to France with Napoleon, he led the sixty grenadiers whose appearance broke up the Council of Five Hundred on 18 Brumaire 1799,
which event led to Napoleon becoming Consul. In 1800 Murat married Napoleon’s sister Caroline. As Governor of Paris in 1804 he appointed the commission by which the Duc d’Enghien was tried and shot. He distinguished
himself afresh in the German campaign of 1805. In 1808 Napoleon made him king of Naples, where he set up a sumptuous court and was upbraided by the Emperor for his ‘monkey tricks’. He commanded Napoleon’s cavalry
in the invasion of Russia in 1812, but threw up his command in December and returned to Naples. In 1813 he withdrew his support from Napoleon and tried to obtain Austrian help for the continuance of his kingship. In 1814
he was deposed and escaped into hiding near Toulon, with a price on his head. After Waterloo he attempted to recover his kingdom, but was captured, court-martialled, and shot. He is said to have faced the firing squad without
a blindfold and with great, even heroic, composure, claiming that he had faced death so many times on the battlefield that he was no longer afraid of it.”
Bagration and tried to seize the bridge. As described in the novel, the Pavlograd hussars managed to fire it after the Russian troops had crossed. Joachim Murat (1767-1815), who is repeatedly mentioned in the novel, was
the son of an innkeeper who had risen from the ranks. He helped Napoleon to suppress a royalist rising on 13 Vendemiaire 1795, and afterwards was rapidly promoted. After distinguishing himself in the Italian campaigns,
he accompanied Napoleon to Egypt and proved to be a brilliant cavalry leader. Returning to France with Napoleon, he led the sixty grenadiers whose appearance broke up the Council of Five Hundred on 18 Brumaire 1799,
which event led to Napoleon becoming Consul. In 1800 Murat married Napoleon’s sister Caroline. As Governor of Paris in 1804 he appointed the commission by which the Duc d’Enghien was tried and shot. He distinguished
himself afresh in the German campaign of 1805. In 1808 Napoleon made him king of Naples, where he set up a sumptuous court and was upbraided by the Emperor for his ‘monkey tricks’. He commanded Napoleon’s cavalry
in the invasion of Russia in 1812, but threw up his command in December and returned to Naples. In 1813 he withdrew his support from Napoleon and tried to obtain Austrian help for the continuance of his kingship. In 1814
he was deposed and escaped into hiding near Toulon, with a price on his head. After Waterloo he attempted to recover his kingdom, but was captured, court-martialled, and shot. He is said to have faced the firing squad without
a blindfold and with great, even heroic, composure, claiming that he had faced death so many times on the battlefield that he was no longer afraid of it.”
Norton Critical Edition adds: “Despite his agility and reckless courage, he was a man of limited intelligence whose head was turned by success. Tolstoy repeatedly alludes to his limitations, love of ostentation, showy clothes,
and comical swagger.”
and comical swagger.”
Garnett: “In the battle scenes, the narrator frequently resorts to the first-person collective pronoun, thereby facilitating the reader’s identification with the actors and enhancing the sense of a collective history.”
Hausmann/Hausmann/Gill: Page 38: “A key component of this plan, particularly from the Austrian point of view, was the early invasion and occupation of Bavaria. A large Habsburg force would then station itself along the River Danube in central Bavaria to await the arrival of Russian reinforcements, while other Coalition armies advanced in Italy and northern Germany. Casting a covetous eye on Max Joseph’s territories, Vienna intended either to force Bavaria into the Coalition or to ‘devour’ it. Simultaneously, Napoleon was pressuring Max to enter into an alliance with France. Desiring only neutrality, but caught between the two antagonists, Max vacillated. In the end, however, Napoleon’s blandishments, and Max’s own deep-seated apprehensions about Austria, led him to choose the lesser of two evils by agreeing to a secret treating of alliance with France in late August 1805. Having promised to provide Napoleon with 20,000 men as well as various types of logistical support, Max spent two anxious weeks desperately resisting clumsy Habsburg threats.”
Maude/Briggs/Wordsworth Classics: Page xviii: “It is uncertain when or where they (The Cossacks) arose, but they seem to have emerged as an established and identifiable group of free peasant people in the fifteenth century, but which time they were sufficiently formidable to earn respect and admiration, even fear. In order to locate them you should think of the river systems in the south west of present-day Russia and Ukraine....These people were descended mainly from the Slavs, though they enjoyed a good admixture of Turkish and Tartar blood, and their language was Turkic. They remained a Christian people in regions with largely Muslim populations...All manner of runaways, renegades, criminals, rebel serfs, freebooters, along with anyone who had resisted authority and fled from persecution--these were the people who escaped to the south and west, gathering in primitive gangs and eventually coalescing into organized societies.”
Hausmann/Hausmann/Gill: Page 38: “A key component of this plan, particularly from the Austrian point of view, was the early invasion and occupation of Bavaria. A large Habsburg force would then station itself along the River Danube in central Bavaria to await the arrival of Russian reinforcements, while other Coalition armies advanced in Italy and northern Germany. Casting a covetous eye on Max Joseph’s territories, Vienna intended either to force Bavaria into the Coalition or to ‘devour’ it. Simultaneously, Napoleon was pressuring Max to enter into an alliance with France. Desiring only neutrality, but caught between the two antagonists, Max vacillated. In the end, however, Napoleon’s blandishments, and Max’s own deep-seated apprehensions about Austria, led him to choose the lesser of two evils by agreeing to a secret treating of alliance with France in late August 1805. Having promised to provide Napoleon with 20,000 men as well as various types of logistical support, Max spent two anxious weeks desperately resisting clumsy Habsburg threats.”
Maude/Briggs/Wordsworth Classics: Page xviii: “It is uncertain when or where they (The Cossacks) arose, but they seem to have emerged as an established and identifiable group of free peasant people in the fifteenth century, but which time they were sufficiently formidable to earn respect and admiration, even fear. In order to locate them you should think of the river systems in the south west of present-day Russia and Ukraine....These people were descended mainly from the Slavs, though they enjoyed a good admixture of Turkish and Tartar blood, and their language was Turkic. They remained a Christian people in regions with largely Muslim populations...All manner of runaways, renegades, criminals, rebel serfs, freebooters, along with anyone who had resisted authority and fled from persecution--these were the people who escaped to the south and west, gathering in primitive gangs and eventually coalescing into organized societies.”
Radzinsky: Page 87: Through the eyes of a brave officer and great writer we can see the side of the war in the Caucasus. In the manuscript of "The Raid," Tolstoy describes an ordinary scene: A general cheerfully allows his soldiers to loot a captured village. "'Well, colonel," said the general, smiling, "let them go burn and pillage, I can see that they really want to do it." Dragoons, Cossacks, and infantry scattered across the village. A roof collapses there, a door is broken in, here a fence burns, a house, a haystack...Here's a Cossack dragging a sack of cornmeal, a soldier a carpet and two chickens, another, a wash basin and a jar of milk, a third has loaded up a donkey with all kinds of goods; others are leading an almost naked, frightened, decrepit old Chechen, who had not managed to run away."'
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