Chapter Summaries: Dole: Savary's mission to the emperor. Dolgorukof sent to confer with Napoleon. December, 1805. Comparison of an army to a great clock. Dolgorukof describes his visit to Napoleon. Weirother's plan. Kutuzof's prophecy.
Briggs: Dolgorukov tells of his meeting with Napoleon. Kutuzov is pessimistic.
Maude: Preparations for action. Dolgorukov's opinion of Napoleon and of his position. Kutuzov's depression
Pevear and Volkhonsky: The buildup to battle. Dolgorukov's views, Kutuzov's displeasure.
Translation:
XI.
On the next day the sovereign stopped in Vyskov. The court-medic Villiers a few times was urged to him. In the main apartment and in the nearest troops the news was spread that the sovereign was unwell. He ate nothing and badly slept that night, as said the approximates. The cause of this ill health concluded in the strong impression produced in the sensitive soul of the sovereign looking at the wounded and slain.
On the dawn of the 17th in Vyskov a French officer was escorted from the advance post, arriving under a parliamentary flag, demanding a date with the Russian emperor. This officer was Savary. The sovereign was asleep alone, and because of this Savary was to wait for him. At noon he was allowed to the sovereign and in an hour went together with Prince Dolgorukov to the advance post of the French army.
As it was heard, the objective of the shipment of Savary consisted in sentencing a date between Emperor Aleksandr and Napoleon. A personal appointment, to the joys and pride throughout the army, was denied, and instead of the sovereign Prince Dolgorukov, the winner at Vyskov, was sent together with Savary for negotiations with Napoleon, should these talks, against aspirations, had the purpose of a valid wish of peace.
In the evening returned Dolgorukov, passing to the sovereign and staying long with him alone.
On the 18th and 19th of November the troops passed two more transitions forward, and the enemy advance posts after short skirmishes retreated. In the higher sphere of the army in the middle of the day of the 19th started a strong troublesome excited move, continuing to the morning of the next day, the 20th November, on which was given the so memorable Austerlitz battle.
Before noon of the 19th moved lively conversations, running around, and the parcels of adjutants were limited only to the main apartment of the emperor; after noon of this same day the moving spread into the main apartment of Kutuzov and in the staff columns of the chiefs. Through the night the adjutants spread this movement to all ends and parts of the army, and on the night of the 19th into the 20th went up overnight the boom of speaking and hesitation and the huge 80 thousand mass of allied troops set off as a canvas.
The focused move, starting in the morning in the main apartment of the emperor and giving a push to all further movement, was appearing as the first move of the middle wheels of a large tower clock. Slowly moved one wheel, turning another, a third, and all faster and faster go the spinning around wheels, blocks, gears, beginning to play chimes, popping up figures, and measuredly becoming the movement of shooters, showing the result of the movements.
As in the mechanism of a clock, so in the mechanism of military affairs, so the same uncontrollably until the last result of this movement, and so the same indifferently motionless, for the moment of the delivery of the movements by the parts of the mechanism until it has still not reached the business. In the whistle of the axis wheels, clinging teeth, hissing from the fast rotating blocks, but the adjacent wheel so the same calmly and still, as if it is hundreds of years old and ready to stand this stillness; but came the moment — the hooked lever, and, submitting to movement, the bursting, turning, wheel merges into another action, result and objective to which it is incomprehensible.
As in a clock the result of difficult movements of countless institutions of wheels and blocks is only slow and balanced in the move of shooters, indicating time, so the result of all the complex human movements of these 160,000 Russians and French — all passions, desires, remorses, humiliations, miseries, gusts of pride, fear, and delight of these people — were only losing the battle of Austerlitz, the so called battle of three emperors, i.e. the slow movement of worldwide historic shooters in the dial of the history of humanity.
Prince Andrey was on duty this day and every second at the commander in chief.
In the 6th hour of the evening Kutuzov arrived in the main apartment of the emperor and, not for long having been with the sovereign, went to the Chief Marshal Count Tolstoy.
Bolkonsky took advantage of this time, so that to call for Dolgorukov to know about the details of affairs. Prince Andrey felt that Kutuzov was disturbed and displeased, and that he was unhappy in the main apartment, and that all the faces of the imperial main apartment had with him the tone of people, knowing something that others did not know; and therefore he wanted to talk with Dolgorukov.
— Well, hello, mon cher (my dear), — said Dolgorukov, sitting with Bilibin for tea. — The celebration for tomorrow. What is with your old man? Not in spirit?
— I won’t say that he was not in spirit, but he, it seems, would have wanted for him to be listened to.
— And he was listened to on military advice and he will be listened to, when he will speak business; but to procrastinate and wait for something now, when Bonaparte is afraid only more of a general battle, — that’s impossible.
— Yes, you saw him? — said Prince Andrey. — Well, how is Bonaparte? What impression did he produce on you?
— Yes, I saw and made sure that he is afraid of a general battle only more than the world, — repeated Dolgorukov, apparently dear to this common conclusion made from his date with Napoleon. — If he were not afraid of battle, for what would he require this date, to lead talks and, the main thing, to go back, so as a retreat so nasty throughout his method of management of war? Believe me: he is afraid, afraid of general battle, his hour has arrived. This I speak to you.
— But tell me, how and what is he? — still asked Prince Andrey.
— He is a person in a gray frock coat, extremely wishing for me to say to him "your majesty,” but, to his chagrin, he did not receive from me a title. Here this was a person, and nothing more, — was the response of Dolgorukov, looking back with a smile at Bilibin.
— Despite my complete respect to old Kutuzov, — he continued, — it is good we were all expecting something and by that did not give him the case to leave or to deceive us, so now he would be right in our hands. No, we do not need to forget Suvorov and his rules: not to set yourself in a position to be attacked, but to attack. I believe, in war the energy of young people often rather indicates the way, than all the experience of old counters.
— But in what again are our positions to attack him? I was at the outposts now, and cannot solve where he stands with his main forces, — said Prince Andrey.
He wanted to express Dolgorukov his formed plan of attack.
— Ah, this is completely all cared for, — quickly began talking Dolgorukov, getting up and revealing a card on the table. — All cases are foreseen: if he is standing at Brunn...
And Prince Dolgorukov quickly and not clearly told the plan of the flank movements of Weyrother.
Prince Andrey had begun to object and prove his plan, which could be equally as good as the plan of Weyrother, but it lacked that the plan of Weyrother now was approved. As only Prince Andrey had begun to prove the disadvantages of this and the benefit of his, Prince Dolgorukov ceased to listen and absent-mindedly watched not the card, but on the face of Prince Andrey.
— However, at Kutuzov’s will now be military advice: you there may express all this, — said Dolgorukov.
— I will do do this, — said Prince Andrey, walking away from the cards.
— And about this you care, gentleman? — said Bilibin, before still with a fun smile listening to their conversation and now, apparently, going to joke. — Whether tomorrow be a victory or defeat, thanking the Russian weapons is insured. Besides your Kutuzov, not one Russian chief of the columns. The chiefs: Sir General Wimpfen, Count Langeron, Prince Lihtenshtein, Hohenloe and more a Prishprshiprsh, as everyone with a Polish name.375
— Shut up, evil tongue,376 — said Dolgorukov. — It is not true, now already there are two Russians: Miloradovich and Dohturov, and there would be a 3rd, Count Arakcheev, but his nerves are weak.
— However Mihail Ilarionovich, I think, got out, — said Prince Andrey. — I want happiness and success, gentleman, — he added and got out, shaking the hands of Dolgorukov and Bilibin.
Returning home, Prince Andrey could not hold so that to silently sit beside Kutuzov and not ask him about what he thought about tomorrow’s battle?
Kutuzov strictly looked at his adjutant and, keeping quiet, replied:
— I think that the battle will be lost, and I said so to Count Tolstoy and requested him to deliver this to the sovereign. What the same, do you think, he replied to me? And, kind general! I am busy with rice and cutlets, but you are occupied with military business.377 Yes... here is what he answered me!
375. Herr general Wimpfen, le comte de Langeron, le prince de Lichtenstein, le prince de Hohenloe et enfin Prsch... prsh... et ainsi de suite, comme tous les noms polonais. (Herr General Wimpfen, Count Langeron, the Prince of Lichtenstein, the prince of Hohenloe and finally Prsch... prsh...and so follows, like all Polish names.)
376. Taisez vous, mauvaise langue, (Shut up, evil tongue,)
377. Eh, mon cher général, je me mêle de riz et des cоtelettes, mêlez vous des affaires de la guerre, (Hey, my dear general, I mix rice and chops, you mix in the affairs of war,)
Time: the following day, dawn of the 17th (twenty-ninth in Dole), then noon, then an hour later. Then 18th and 19th of November, then noon of the 19th until the morning of the 20th. Later six o'clock in the evening.
Locations: Wischau (Vischau in Bell)
Mentioned: French, Russians, Austerlitz
Pevear and Volkhonsky Notes: The soverign becomes literally ill because of seeing the wounded man, almost reminding the reader of the story of the Buddha seeing the poor, the sick, and then the dead man. Awkward prose: “This officer was Savary. The sovereign had only just fallen asleep, and therefore Savary had to wait.”
Briggs: Dolgorukov tells of his meeting with Napoleon. Kutuzov is pessimistic.
Maude: Preparations for action. Dolgorukov's opinion of Napoleon and of his position. Kutuzov's depression
Pevear and Volkhonsky: The buildup to battle. Dolgorukov's views, Kutuzov's displeasure.
Translation:
XI.
On the next day the sovereign stopped in Vyskov. The court-medic Villiers a few times was urged to him. In the main apartment and in the nearest troops the news was spread that the sovereign was unwell. He ate nothing and badly slept that night, as said the approximates. The cause of this ill health concluded in the strong impression produced in the sensitive soul of the sovereign looking at the wounded and slain.
On the dawn of the 17th in Vyskov a French officer was escorted from the advance post, arriving under a parliamentary flag, demanding a date with the Russian emperor. This officer was Savary. The sovereign was asleep alone, and because of this Savary was to wait for him. At noon he was allowed to the sovereign and in an hour went together with Prince Dolgorukov to the advance post of the French army.
As it was heard, the objective of the shipment of Savary consisted in sentencing a date between Emperor Aleksandr and Napoleon. A personal appointment, to the joys and pride throughout the army, was denied, and instead of the sovereign Prince Dolgorukov, the winner at Vyskov, was sent together with Savary for negotiations with Napoleon, should these talks, against aspirations, had the purpose of a valid wish of peace.
In the evening returned Dolgorukov, passing to the sovereign and staying long with him alone.
On the 18th and 19th of November the troops passed two more transitions forward, and the enemy advance posts after short skirmishes retreated. In the higher sphere of the army in the middle of the day of the 19th started a strong troublesome excited move, continuing to the morning of the next day, the 20th November, on which was given the so memorable Austerlitz battle.
Before noon of the 19th moved lively conversations, running around, and the parcels of adjutants were limited only to the main apartment of the emperor; after noon of this same day the moving spread into the main apartment of Kutuzov and in the staff columns of the chiefs. Through the night the adjutants spread this movement to all ends and parts of the army, and on the night of the 19th into the 20th went up overnight the boom of speaking and hesitation and the huge 80 thousand mass of allied troops set off as a canvas.
The focused move, starting in the morning in the main apartment of the emperor and giving a push to all further movement, was appearing as the first move of the middle wheels of a large tower clock. Slowly moved one wheel, turning another, a third, and all faster and faster go the spinning around wheels, blocks, gears, beginning to play chimes, popping up figures, and measuredly becoming the movement of shooters, showing the result of the movements.
As in the mechanism of a clock, so in the mechanism of military affairs, so the same uncontrollably until the last result of this movement, and so the same indifferently motionless, for the moment of the delivery of the movements by the parts of the mechanism until it has still not reached the business. In the whistle of the axis wheels, clinging teeth, hissing from the fast rotating blocks, but the adjacent wheel so the same calmly and still, as if it is hundreds of years old and ready to stand this stillness; but came the moment — the hooked lever, and, submitting to movement, the bursting, turning, wheel merges into another action, result and objective to which it is incomprehensible.
As in a clock the result of difficult movements of countless institutions of wheels and blocks is only slow and balanced in the move of shooters, indicating time, so the result of all the complex human movements of these 160,000 Russians and French — all passions, desires, remorses, humiliations, miseries, gusts of pride, fear, and delight of these people — were only losing the battle of Austerlitz, the so called battle of three emperors, i.e. the slow movement of worldwide historic shooters in the dial of the history of humanity.
Prince Andrey was on duty this day and every second at the commander in chief.
In the 6th hour of the evening Kutuzov arrived in the main apartment of the emperor and, not for long having been with the sovereign, went to the Chief Marshal Count Tolstoy.
Bolkonsky took advantage of this time, so that to call for Dolgorukov to know about the details of affairs. Prince Andrey felt that Kutuzov was disturbed and displeased, and that he was unhappy in the main apartment, and that all the faces of the imperial main apartment had with him the tone of people, knowing something that others did not know; and therefore he wanted to talk with Dolgorukov.
— Well, hello, mon cher (my dear), — said Dolgorukov, sitting with Bilibin for tea. — The celebration for tomorrow. What is with your old man? Not in spirit?
— I won’t say that he was not in spirit, but he, it seems, would have wanted for him to be listened to.
— And he was listened to on military advice and he will be listened to, when he will speak business; but to procrastinate and wait for something now, when Bonaparte is afraid only more of a general battle, — that’s impossible.
— Yes, you saw him? — said Prince Andrey. — Well, how is Bonaparte? What impression did he produce on you?
— Yes, I saw and made sure that he is afraid of a general battle only more than the world, — repeated Dolgorukov, apparently dear to this common conclusion made from his date with Napoleon. — If he were not afraid of battle, for what would he require this date, to lead talks and, the main thing, to go back, so as a retreat so nasty throughout his method of management of war? Believe me: he is afraid, afraid of general battle, his hour has arrived. This I speak to you.
— But tell me, how and what is he? — still asked Prince Andrey.
— He is a person in a gray frock coat, extremely wishing for me to say to him "your majesty,” but, to his chagrin, he did not receive from me a title. Here this was a person, and nothing more, — was the response of Dolgorukov, looking back with a smile at Bilibin.
— Despite my complete respect to old Kutuzov, — he continued, — it is good we were all expecting something and by that did not give him the case to leave or to deceive us, so now he would be right in our hands. No, we do not need to forget Suvorov and his rules: not to set yourself in a position to be attacked, but to attack. I believe, in war the energy of young people often rather indicates the way, than all the experience of old counters.
— But in what again are our positions to attack him? I was at the outposts now, and cannot solve where he stands with his main forces, — said Prince Andrey.
He wanted to express Dolgorukov his formed plan of attack.
— Ah, this is completely all cared for, — quickly began talking Dolgorukov, getting up and revealing a card on the table. — All cases are foreseen: if he is standing at Brunn...
And Prince Dolgorukov quickly and not clearly told the plan of the flank movements of Weyrother.
Prince Andrey had begun to object and prove his plan, which could be equally as good as the plan of Weyrother, but it lacked that the plan of Weyrother now was approved. As only Prince Andrey had begun to prove the disadvantages of this and the benefit of his, Prince Dolgorukov ceased to listen and absent-mindedly watched not the card, but on the face of Prince Andrey.
— However, at Kutuzov’s will now be military advice: you there may express all this, — said Dolgorukov.
— I will do do this, — said Prince Andrey, walking away from the cards.
— And about this you care, gentleman? — said Bilibin, before still with a fun smile listening to their conversation and now, apparently, going to joke. — Whether tomorrow be a victory or defeat, thanking the Russian weapons is insured. Besides your Kutuzov, not one Russian chief of the columns. The chiefs: Sir General Wimpfen, Count Langeron, Prince Lihtenshtein, Hohenloe and more a Prishprshiprsh, as everyone with a Polish name.375
— Shut up, evil tongue,376 — said Dolgorukov. — It is not true, now already there are two Russians: Miloradovich and Dohturov, and there would be a 3rd, Count Arakcheev, but his nerves are weak.
— However Mihail Ilarionovich, I think, got out, — said Prince Andrey. — I want happiness and success, gentleman, — he added and got out, shaking the hands of Dolgorukov and Bilibin.
Returning home, Prince Andrey could not hold so that to silently sit beside Kutuzov and not ask him about what he thought about tomorrow’s battle?
Kutuzov strictly looked at his adjutant and, keeping quiet, replied:
— I think that the battle will be lost, and I said so to Count Tolstoy and requested him to deliver this to the sovereign. What the same, do you think, he replied to me? And, kind general! I am busy with rice and cutlets, but you are occupied with military business.377 Yes... here is what he answered me!
375. Herr general Wimpfen, le comte de Langeron, le prince de Lichtenstein, le prince de Hohenloe et enfin Prsch... prsh... et ainsi de suite, comme tous les noms polonais. (Herr General Wimpfen, Count Langeron, the Prince of Lichtenstein, the prince of Hohenloe and finally Prsch... prsh...and so follows, like all Polish names.)
376. Taisez vous, mauvaise langue, (Shut up, evil tongue,)
377. Eh, mon cher général, je me mêle de riz et des cоtelettes, mêlez vous des affaires de la guerre, (Hey, my dear general, I mix rice and chops, you mix in the affairs of war,)
Time: the following day, dawn of the 17th (twenty-ninth in Dole), then noon, then an hour later. Then 18th and 19th of November, then noon of the 19th until the morning of the 20th. Later six o'clock in the evening.
Locations: Wischau (Vischau in Bell)
Mentioned: French, Russians, Austerlitz
Pevear and Volkhonsky Notes: The soverign becomes literally ill because of seeing the wounded man, almost reminding the reader of the story of the Buddha seeing the poor, the sick, and then the dead man. Awkward prose: “This officer was Savary. The sovereign had only just fallen asleep, and therefore Savary had to wait.”
Napoleon is trying to arrange the meeting of the sovereigns, but the Russians won’t bite “to the joy and pride of the whole army”
The first few paragraphs of the chapter seems to be very much a detached and distant view of the events. Without color or personality. It seems like Tolstoy needs to get these details out of the way so he can get to “the memorable
battle of Austerlitz”.
battle of Austerlitz”.
Then a lot of concentration on movement, on soldiers and armies moving around “like the first movement of the central wheel in a big tower clock. Slowly one wheel started, another turned, a third, and the wheels, pulleys, and
gears were set turning more and more quickly…”
gears were set turning more and more quickly…”
Extended analogy of the clock and the military. “Indifferently...incomprehensible”
This is a big flip in the narration as now Tolstoy has gotten more expository and more detached than he has at any other point in the book thus far.
“All the passions, desires, regrets, humiliations, sufferings, bursts of pride, fear, rapture..”
Tolstoy spoils what will happen at Austerlitz because he knows his audience will already know what happened at Austerlitz, “the so-called battle of the three emperors...a slow movement of the world-historical hand on the clockface
of human history.”
of human history.”
When we get to the story part of the chapter, the difference between Bilibin/Dolgorukov and Kutuzov is again emphasized. Dolgorukov comes from his meeting with Napoleon believing the latter is afraid of combat and thus they
need to attack him, which in fact was his predisposition, his nature so to say. He did not interpret the event or conversation, he simply used it to justify what he already believed, which is a key theme for Tolstoy when attacking
historians. Again emphasis on Napoleon wanting titles, but this is so petty, that Tolstoy again seems to want us to be on Napoleon’s side, not the side of the Russian traditionalists.
need to attack him, which in fact was his predisposition, his nature so to say. He did not interpret the event or conversation, he simply used it to justify what he already believed, which is a key theme for Tolstoy when attacking
historians. Again emphasis on Napoleon wanting titles, but this is so petty, that Tolstoy again seems to want us to be on Napoleon’s side, not the side of the Russian traditionalists.
Dolgorukov: “Believe me, in war the energy of young men often points to a surer way than all the experience of the old cunctators.”
He again emphasizes the Austrian plans and that “All the possibilities have been foreseen”.
This should be directly contrasted with what was just said in the narration.
Classic parodic sentence: Prince Andrei started to object and demonstrate his own plan, which might have been just as good as Weyrother’s, but had the shortcoming that Weyrother’s had already been approved.”
Dolgorukov explicitly stops listening to him.
Kutuzov’s pessimism and mocking of the aristocracy ends the chapter.
Characters (characters who do not appear, but are mentioned are placed in italics. First appearances are in Bold. First mentions are underlined. Final appearance denoted by *):
Czar Alexander (“sovereign” and “Russian emperor”)
Villiers (Alexander’s “body physician” or “physician in ordinary” in Wiener. “Willier” in Bell in an alternative reading, “chief physician”. Just “physician” in Mandelker, Dunnigan, and Briggs. “Medical attendant” in Garnett.)
Savary (“a French officer”.)
Prince Dolgorukof
Napoleon Bonaparte (according to Dolgorukof, wants to be called “your majesty”)
The Austrian Emperor (only mentioned in relation to Alexander)
Mikhail Iliaronovitch Kutuzof (also “commander-in-chief”, lot of “old” adjectives thrown his way in the chapter. Maude chooses to say “General Kutuzov” instead of his first two names towards the end of the chapter)
Prince Andrei Bolkonsky
Count Tolstoi (“the Ober-hofmarshal, master of supplies” in Dole. “the grand marshal of the household” in Bell. “grand marshal of the court” in Wiener, Dunnigan (who uses capitalization), and Mandelker. “Grand marshal” in
Briggs. “Ober-Hofmarschall” in Garnett.)
Briggs. “Ober-Hofmarschall” in Garnett.)
Bilibin
Suvarof
Weirother
Herr General Wimpfen
Le Comte de Langeron (just “Count Langeron” in Bell in a variant reading)
Le Prince de Lichtenstein (“...Liechtenstein” in Briggs in a variant reading)
Le Prince de Hohenlohe (“...Hohenloe” in Dunnigan in a variant reading)
General Przebyszewski (name comically mispronounced as “Prscz--Prscz--and all the rest of the alphabet” in Dole. “Prsh--et ainsi de suite” in Wiener, retaining the French as usual. “Prsch--Prsch…” in Bell. “Prshprschprsh-
all-consonants-and-no-vowels” in Briggs. “Prishprshiprsh” in Garnett. “Prsch__ Prsch__ and so forth” in Dunnigan. “Prshprsh-plus-every-letter-in-the-alphabet-to-follow” in Edmonds. “Prishprish, and so on” in Maude.)
all-consonants-and-no-vowels” in Briggs. “Prishprshiprsh” in Garnett. “Prsch__ Prsch__ and so forth” in Dunnigan. “Prshprsh-plus-every-letter-in-the-alphabet-to-follow” in Edmonds. “Prishprish, and so on” in Maude.)
Miloradovitch (as in Dole and Bell. “Miloradovich” in Wiener, Briggs, and Mandelker.)
Dokhturof
Count Arakcheyef (“...Araktcheev” in Garnett. “...Arakcheyev” in Dunnigan and Edmonds. “Arakcheev” in Maude, Mandelker, and Wiener. “Araktcheiew” in Bell.)
Abridged Versions: No break in Bell
Gibian: Chapter 10
Gibian: Chapter 10
Fuller: Entire chapter is cut
Komroff: The Savary and Prince Dolgorukof going to see Napoleon section (and the part of the conversation he has with Andrei about Napoleon is also cut) is cut. The abstract descriptions of the army being like a clock
or a mechanism is removed. Followed by a line break.
or a mechanism is removed. Followed by a line break.
Kropotkin: The information about the Tsar’s health is removed. Most of the troop movement is removed, as is the abstract description of the army being like a clock. The conversation between Andrei, Dolgorukof, and
Bilibin is broken off and shortened to get to the Andrei/Kutuzov conversation. No break afterward.
Bilibin is broken off and shortened to get to the Andrei/Kutuzov conversation. No break afterward.
Bromfield: Chapter 10: Prince Dolgorukov doesn’t talk about Napoleon to Andrei, but to Weierother. There is some extra detail contrasting the clock-like mechanism of the army and Alexander, Dolgorukov and Czartorysky
preparing for the next action. There is also reference to a General N.N. and Count Arakcheev’s appointment. The Bilibin making fun of the names is not here. However, there is a lot of detail about the Austrians making the
Russians do all the hard dangerous work. They also don’t want Alexander in the battle. Andrei is not in the chapter, but we still get the Count Tolstoy episode, just related in narration, not by Kutuzov.
Simmons: Chapter 10: The beginning with the emperor being sick is removed. The details about why Savary is there is removed. The analogy of the clock is removed. The Bilibin's quip about the generals is removed.
preparing for the next action. There is also reference to a General N.N. and Count Arakcheev’s appointment. The Bilibin making fun of the names is not here. However, there is a lot of detail about the Austrians making the
Russians do all the hard dangerous work. They also don’t want Alexander in the battle. Andrei is not in the chapter, but we still get the Count Tolstoy episode, just related in narration, not by Kutuzov.
Simmons: Chapter 10: The beginning with the emperor being sick is removed. The details about why Savary is there is removed. The analogy of the clock is removed. The Bilibin's quip about the generals is removed.
Additional Notes: Garnett: “Russian baron Yakov Vassilyevitch Villiers...renowned physician, serving as president of the Medical Academy between 1809 and 1838.”
“Anne-Jean-Marie-Rene Savary (1774-1883), duke of Rovigo, served as Napoleon’s aide-de-camp in Egypt and Marengo before becoming...in 1805, general of division. He supervised the kidnapping and execution of the
Duke of Enghien...Savary eventually became minister, and then first inspector general, of Napoleon’s police.”
Duke of Enghien...Savary eventually became minister, and then first inspector general, of Napoleon’s police.”
“Max von Wimpfen”
“Count Andrault de Langeron...emigrated to Russia after the French Revolution.”
“Prince Johann Jospeh de Lichtenstein….Prince Friedric Ludwig Hohenlohe.”
“Mikhail Andreyevitch Miloradovich...died as a consequence of wounds received during the Decembrist uprising of 1825.”
“Count Aleksey Andreyevitch Araktcheev...was a favorite of Tsar Paul and commander of his bodyguard...commanded the artillery, served as minister of war.”
Mikaberidze; Page 176: “General Nikolay Rayevskii considered Kutuzov a ‘mediocrity’, Miloradovich derisively called him ‘a petite courtier’ and Dokhturov regarded him a ‘coward’..
Montefiore: Page 312: “Only Arakcheev shamed himself by fleeing when a shell landed near by. Alexander was ebullient.”
Rey: Page 166: Over several weeks before Austerlitz, there reigned in the Russian headquarters a strange atmosphere that combined excitement, an appetite for glory, and total recklessness. Surrounded by young swaggers who were totally inexperienced, who all dreamed of beating Napoleon, Alexander was eager for battle and despised the old generals."
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